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Language: en
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Here<00:00:00.240> in<00:00:00.360> Seattle,<00:00:00.920> there's<00:00:01.080> a<00:00:01.120> little<00:00:01.360> park
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Here in Seattle, there's a little park
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Here in Seattle, there's a little park
hidden<00:00:01.960> away<00:00:02.280> at<00:00:02.400> the<00:00:02.600> edges<00:00:02.960> of<00:00:03.080> Queen<00:00:03.440> Anne.
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hidden away at the edges of Queen Anne.
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hidden away at the edges of Queen Anne.
There's<00:00:04.200> a<00:00:04.240> lookout<00:00:04.640> at<00:00:04.720> the<00:00:04.840> top<00:00:05.120> with<00:00:05.240> one<00:00:05.400> of
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There's a lookout at the top with one of
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There's a lookout at the top with one of
the<00:00:05.600> best<00:00:05.920> views<00:00:06.160> of<00:00:06.280> the<00:00:06.360> city.<00:00:07.000> To<00:00:07.120> get<00:00:07.280> back
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the best views of the city. To get back
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the best views of the city. To get back
down,<00:00:08.000> there's<00:00:08.200> a<00:00:08.240> paved<00:00:08.640> switchback<00:00:09.240> path
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down, there's a paved switchback path
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down, there's a paved switchback path
that<00:00:09.800> winds<00:00:10.120> gently<00:00:10.480> down<00:00:10.760> the<00:00:10.840> hillside.
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that winds gently down the hillside.
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that winds gently down the hillside.
It's<00:00:12.240> thoughtful,<00:00:12.880> well-designed,<00:00:13.840> people
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It's thoughtful, well-designed, people
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It's thoughtful, well-designed, people
use<00:00:14.440> it.
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use it.
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use it.
But<00:00:15.680> I've<00:00:15.960> never<00:00:16.200> taken<00:00:16.560> it<00:00:16.680> all<00:00:16.800> the<00:00:16.920> way
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But I've never taken it all the way
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But I've never taken it all the way
before.<00:00:18.160> If<00:00:18.360> you<00:00:18.440> look<00:00:18.600> to<00:00:18.720> your<00:00:18.920> left,<00:00:19.720> you'll
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before. If you look to your left, you'll
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before. If you look to your left, you'll
notice<00:00:20.240> something.
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notice something.
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notice something.
You'll<00:00:21.560> see<00:00:21.760> a<00:00:21.840> thin<00:00:22.200> dirt<00:00:22.480> path<00:00:22.800> going
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You'll see a thin dirt path going
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You'll see a thin dirt path going
directly<00:00:23.560> down<00:00:23.880> the<00:00:24.000> hill<00:00:24.280> where<00:00:24.440> thousands
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directly down the hill where thousands
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directly down the hill where thousands
of<00:00:25.200> people<00:00:25.600> decided<00:00:26.160> that<00:00:26.360> this<00:00:27.080> would<00:00:27.240> be<00:00:27.520> an
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of people decided that this would be an
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of people decided that this would be an
easier<00:00:28.200> way.<00:00:29.040> In<00:00:29.160> a<00:00:29.240> lot<00:00:29.480> of<00:00:29.600> ways,<00:00:29.920> it's
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easier way. In a lot of ways, it's
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easier way. In a lot of ways, it's
worse.<00:00:30.760> It's<00:00:31.040> steeper.<00:00:31.720> It's<00:00:31.920> more
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worse. It's steeper. It's more
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worse. It's steeper. It's more
dangerous.<00:00:33.120> You'll<00:00:33.360> get<00:00:33.560> dirt<00:00:33.800> on<00:00:33.960> you.<00:00:34.440> But
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dangerous. You'll get dirt on you. But
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dangerous. You'll get dirt on you. But
the<00:00:35.200> worst<00:00:35.560> path<00:00:36.080> just<00:00:36.280> keeps<00:00:36.600> on<00:00:36.760> winning.<00:00:37.560> A
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the worst path just keeps on winning. A
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the worst path just keeps on winning. A
programmer<00:00:38.200> named<00:00:38.560> Dick<00:00:38.800> Gabriel<00:00:39.360> noticed
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programmer named Dick Gabriel noticed
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programmer named Dick Gabriel noticed
that<00:00:39.880> the<00:00:39.960> same<00:00:40.280> thing<00:00:40.480> was<00:00:40.640> happening<00:00:41.160> in<00:00:41.280> the
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that the same thing was happening in the
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that the same thing was happening in the
field<00:00:41.720> of<00:00:41.840> computer<00:00:42.280> science<00:00:43.120> back<00:00:43.400> in<00:00:43.520> 1989.
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field of computer science back in 1989.
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field of computer science back in 1989.
He<00:00:45.160> called<00:00:45.480> it<00:00:45.840> worst<00:00:46.240> is<00:00:46.440> better<00:00:46.760> and<00:00:46.880> then
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He called it worst is better and then
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He called it worst is better and then
spent<00:00:47.600> the<00:00:47.680> next<00:00:48.040> 30<00:00:48.400> years<00:00:48.760> arguing<00:00:49.200> with
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spent the next 30 years arguing with
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spent the next 30 years arguing with
himself<00:00:49.880> about<00:00:50.200> it.<00:00:50.680> And<00:00:50.840> that's<00:00:51.080> why,<00:00:51.640> and<00:00:51.760> I
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himself about it. And that's why, and I
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himself about it. And that's why, and I
do<00:00:52.000> mean<00:00:52.200> this<00:00:52.400> literally,<00:00:53.240> C++<00:00:54.000> won<00:00:54.400> because
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do mean this literally, C++ won because
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do mean this literally, C++ won because
of<00:00:54.920> New<00:00:55.080> Jersey.<00:00:55.800> This<00:00:56.520> is<00:00:56.680> the<00:00:56.800> world's<00:00:57.280> most
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of New Jersey. This is the world's most
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of New Jersey. This is the world's most
famous<00:00:58.200> third-rate<00:00:58.800> computer<00:00:59.240> scientist.
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famous third-rate computer scientist.
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famous third-rate computer scientist.
And<00:01:00.520> no,<00:01:01.000> I'm<00:01:01.160> not<00:01:01.360> calling<00:01:01.640> him<00:01:01.800> that<00:01:02.000> myself.
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And no, I'm not calling him that myself.
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And no, I'm not calling him that myself.
This<00:01:02.760> is<00:01:02.880> how<00:01:03.040> Dr.<00:01:03.360> Gabriel<00:01:03.840> chooses<00:01:04.280> to
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This is how Dr. Gabriel chooses to
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This is how Dr. Gabriel chooses to
describe<00:01:04.960> himself.<00:01:05.920> And<00:01:06.080> yes,<00:01:06.800> that<00:01:07.000> is<00:01:07.160> his
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describe himself. And yes, that is his
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describe himself. And yes, that is his
real<00:01:07.600> LinkedIn<00:01:08.040> picture.<00:01:08.720> I<00:01:08.840> really<00:01:09.640> I<00:01:09.720> really
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real LinkedIn picture. I really I really
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real LinkedIn picture. I really I really
like<00:01:10.160> it.<00:01:10.240> That's<00:01:10.440> a<00:01:10.480> mood<00:01:10.920> right<00:01:11.120> there.
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like it. That's a mood right there.
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like it. That's a mood right there.
Respect.<00:01:13.000> Anyway,<00:01:13.760> Gabriel<00:01:14.280> was<00:01:14.440> a<00:01:14.520> Lisp<00:01:14.880> guy,
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Respect. Anyway, Gabriel was a Lisp guy,
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Respect. Anyway, Gabriel was a Lisp guy,
but<00:01:15.280> like<00:01:15.520> really<00:01:15.920> a<00:01:16.000> Lisp<00:01:16.360> guy.<00:01:17.080> Gabriel
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but like really a Lisp guy. Gabriel
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but like really a Lisp guy. Gabriel
worked<00:01:17.840> on<00:01:18.000> the<00:01:18.200> Common<00:01:18.720> Lisp<00:01:19.160> standard,<00:01:19.960> and
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worked on the Common Lisp standard, and
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worked on the Common Lisp standard, and
he<00:01:20.160> based<00:01:20.520> his<00:01:20.720> entire<00:01:21.320> company<00:01:22.200> on<00:01:22.440> creating
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he based his entire company on creating
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he based his entire company on creating
Lisp<00:01:23.320> IDEs<00:01:24.040> for<00:01:24.240> Sun<00:01:24.640> hardware.<00:01:25.640> So<00:01:25.760> he<00:01:25.920> spent
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Lisp IDEs for Sun hardware. So he spent
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Lisp IDEs for Sun hardware. So he spent
the<00:01:26.680> majority<00:01:27.320> of<00:01:27.480> his<00:01:27.680> career<00:01:28.480> betting<00:01:28.800> on
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the majority of his career betting on
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the majority of his career betting on
the<00:01:29.000> fact<00:01:29.440> that<00:01:29.600> Lisp<00:01:30.000> would<00:01:30.160> eventually<00:01:30.840> win
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the fact that Lisp would eventually win
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the fact that Lisp would eventually win
in<00:01:31.480> the<00:01:31.640> end,<00:01:32.320> but<00:01:32.480> then<00:01:32.680> watching<00:01:33.160> it<00:01:33.400> not
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in the end, but then watching it not
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in the end, but then watching it not
win.<00:01:34.520> And<00:01:34.680> in<00:01:34.760> the<00:01:34.840> middle<00:01:35.160> of<00:01:35.280> all<00:01:35.440> this,<00:01:35.760> he
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win. And in the middle of all this, he
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win. And in the middle of all this, he
sat<00:01:36.240> down<00:01:36.520> and<00:01:36.640> wrote<00:01:36.800> a<00:01:36.840> talk.<00:01:37.640> Buried<00:01:38.000> inside
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sat down and wrote a talk. Buried inside
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sat down and wrote a talk. Buried inside
of<00:01:38.520> that<00:01:38.760> paper<00:01:39.240> is<00:01:39.400> a<00:01:39.480> small<00:01:39.920> section<00:01:40.440> that's
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of that paper is a small section that's
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of that paper is a small section that's
called<00:01:41.400> worst<00:01:41.840> is<00:01:42.080> better.<00:01:42.720> And<00:01:42.840> he<00:01:42.920> didn't
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called worst is better. And he didn't
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called worst is better. And he didn't
even<00:01:43.360> think<00:01:43.640> that<00:01:43.840> was<00:01:44.000> the<00:01:44.080> main<00:01:44.320> point<00:01:44.640> of
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even think that was the main point of
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even think that was the main point of
the<00:01:44.880> paper,<00:01:45.520> and<00:01:45.640> he<00:01:45.720> didn't<00:01:45.920> even<00:01:46.160> really<00:01:46.360> try
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the paper, and he didn't even really try
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the paper, and he didn't even really try
to<00:01:46.880> get<00:01:47.040> the<00:01:47.160> paper<00:01:47.560> published.<00:01:48.520> The<00:01:48.640> only
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to get the paper published. The only
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to get the paper published. The only
reason<00:01:49.440> that<00:01:49.760> the<00:01:49.880> paper<00:01:50.200> ended<00:01:50.480> up
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reason that the paper ended up
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reason that the paper ended up
resurfacing<00:01:51.520> is<00:01:51.680> because<00:01:52.200> one<00:01:52.360> of<00:01:52.480> his
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resurfacing is because one of his
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resurfacing is because one of his
employees<00:01:53.440> at<00:01:53.640> Lucid<00:01:54.520> ended<00:01:54.800> up<00:01:55.040> finding<00:01:55.920> the
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employees at Lucid ended up finding the
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employees at Lucid ended up finding the
paper<00:01:56.560> inside<00:01:56.960> of<00:01:57.040> his<00:01:57.240> files<00:01:57.720> and<00:01:57.840> started
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paper inside of his files and started
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paper inside of his files and started
sharing<00:01:58.920> it<00:01:59.040> around.<00:01:59.840> And<00:02:00.000> fun<00:02:00.200> fact<00:02:00.560> that
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sharing it around. And fun fact that
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sharing it around. And fun fact that
that<00:02:00.840> employee<00:02:01.360> went<00:02:01.560> on<00:02:01.680> to<00:02:01.760> be<00:02:01.880> one<00:02:02.040> of<00:02:02.120> the
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that employee went on to be one of the
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that employee went on to be one of the
creators<00:02:02.880> of<00:02:03.000> Netscape.<00:02:04.000> Pretty<00:02:04.320> flowers.
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creators of Netscape. Pretty flowers.
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creators of Netscape. Pretty flowers.
This<00:02:06.920> paper<00:02:07.280> quickly<00:02:07.680> became<00:02:08.160> kind<00:02:08.360> of<00:02:08.440> the
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This paper quickly became kind of the
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This paper quickly became kind of the
golden<00:02:09.080> standard<00:02:09.759> in<00:02:09.880> software<00:02:10.280> engineering
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golden standard in software engineering
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golden standard in software engineering
for,<00:02:11.600> you<00:02:11.680> know,<00:02:11.760> {quote}<00:02:12.520> why<00:02:12.840> the<00:02:13.040> right
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for, you know, {quote} why the right
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for, you know, {quote} why the right
thing<00:02:13.720> keeps<00:02:14.240> on<00:02:14.560> losing.<00:02:15.440> And<00:02:15.600> this<00:02:15.760> is<00:02:15.920> a
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thing keeps on losing. And this is a
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thing keeps on losing. And this is a
point<00:02:16.400> that<00:02:16.520> has<00:02:16.680> been<00:02:16.840> argued<00:02:17.360> for<00:02:17.600> 35<00:02:18.360> years
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point that has been argued for 35 years
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point that has been argued for 35 years
and<00:02:18.959> counting,<00:02:19.440> including<00:02:19.880> by<00:02:20.080> the<00:02:20.240> creator
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and counting, including by the creator
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and counting, including by the creator
himself<00:02:21.720> on<00:02:22.120> two<00:02:22.440> different<00:02:22.840> sides.<00:02:23.760> What's
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himself on two different sides. What's
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himself on two different sides. What's
crazy<00:02:24.720> is<00:02:24.920> that<00:02:25.040> just<00:02:25.240> a<00:02:25.320> few<00:02:25.560> months<00:02:25.880> later
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crazy is that just a few months later
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crazy is that just a few months later
Gabriel<00:02:26.920> actually<00:02:27.360> wrote<00:02:27.720> another<00:02:28.280> paper
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Gabriel actually wrote another paper
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Gabriel actually wrote another paper
under<00:02:29.560> a<00:02:29.640> fake<00:02:30.000> pseudonym<00:02:30.600> that<00:02:30.760> it<00:02:30.840> was<00:02:31.080> a
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under a fake pseudonym that it was a
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under a fake pseudonym that it was a
complete<00:02:31.800> rebuttal<00:02:32.320> to<00:02:32.480> his<00:02:32.800> original<00:02:33.280> point.
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complete rebuttal to his original point.
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complete rebuttal to his original point.
For<00:02:34.480> Bucky,<00:02:35.320> I<00:02:35.440> think<00:02:35.720> I'm<00:02:35.880> saying<00:02:36.240> that
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For Bucky, I think I'm saying that
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For Bucky, I think I'm saying that
right,<00:02:36.840> computer<00:02:37.280> scientist,<00:02:38.320> author<00:02:38.760> of
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right, computer scientist, author of
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right, computer scientist, author of
worse<00:02:39.480> is<00:02:39.720> better<00:02:40.120> is<00:02:40.440> worse.<00:02:41.320> Seems<00:02:41.600> a<00:02:41.640> little
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worse is better is worse. Seems a little
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worse is better is worse. Seems a little
familiar,<00:02:43.000> huh?
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familiar, huh?
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familiar, huh?
But<00:02:45.040> what's<00:02:45.280> crazy<00:02:46.040> is<00:02:46.200> that<00:02:46.480> after<00:02:46.840> that,<00:02:47.400> he
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But what's crazy is that after that, he
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But what's crazy is that after that, he
ended<00:02:47.840> up<00:02:48.040> writing<00:02:48.480> a<00:02:48.600> third<00:02:49.400> essay<00:02:49.880> comparing
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ended up writing a third essay comparing
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ended up writing a third essay comparing
which<00:02:50.840> of<00:02:50.959> the<00:02:51.080> two<00:02:51.360> past<00:02:51.760> Gabriels<00:02:52.840> had
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which of the two past Gabriels had
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which of the two past Gabriels had
actually<00:02:53.600> been<00:02:53.800> right.<00:02:54.360> And<00:02:54.520> he<00:02:54.680> named<00:02:55.040> this
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actually been right. And he named this
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actually been right. And he named this
is<00:02:55.640> worse<00:02:56.000> really<00:02:56.440> better,<00:02:57.000> and<00:02:57.440> he<00:02:57.640> never
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is worse really better, and he never
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is worse really better, and he never
decided.<00:02:59.120> I'd<00:02:59.239> like<00:02:59.440> to<00:02:59.600> join<00:02:59.880> the<00:02:59.959> debate
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decided. I'd like to join the debate
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decided. I'd like to join the debate
that's<00:03:00.480> been<00:03:00.600> going<00:03:00.920> on<00:03:01.160> longer<00:03:01.560> than<00:03:01.760> I've
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that's been going on longer than I've
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that's been going on longer than I've
been<00:03:02.120> alive,<00:03:02.760> but<00:03:02.959> honestly<00:03:03.400> at<00:03:03.519> this<00:03:03.760> point,
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been alive, but honestly at this point,
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been alive, but honestly at this point,
even<00:03:04.720> I'm<00:03:04.880> not<00:03:05.040> really<00:03:05.320> sure<00:03:05.640> what<00:03:05.760> the<00:03:05.880> right
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even I'm not really sure what the right
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even I'm not really sure what the right
answer<00:03:06.480> is.<00:03:07.080> And<00:03:07.200> it<00:03:07.320> just<00:03:07.519> became<00:03:07.880> such<00:03:08.120> a
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answer is. And it just became such a
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answer is. And it just became such a
thing<00:03:08.480> with<00:03:08.640> Gabriel<00:03:09.200> that<00:03:09.480> even<00:03:09.720> his<00:03:10.000> own
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thing with Gabriel that even his own
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thing with Gabriel that even his own
employees<00:03:11.040> started<00:03:11.400> to<00:03:11.480> get,<00:03:12.080> and<00:03:12.320> I<00:03:12.400> quote,
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employees started to get, and I quote,
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employees started to get, and I quote,
seriously<00:03:13.800> concerned<00:03:14.400> that<00:03:14.519> he<00:03:14.640> might<00:03:14.920> have<00:03:15.080> a
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seriously concerned that he might have a
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seriously concerned that he might have a
mental<00:03:15.480> disease.<00:03:16.480> The<00:03:16.600> problem<00:03:16.880> really<00:03:17.120> came
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mental disease. The problem really came
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mental disease. The problem really came
down<00:03:17.760> to<00:03:18.080> the<00:03:18.200> difference<00:03:18.560> in<00:03:18.760> software
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down to the difference in software
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down to the difference in software
philosophies<00:03:20.120> between<00:03:20.760> the<00:03:20.880> two<00:03:21.120> coasts<00:03:21.680> of
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philosophies between the two coasts of
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philosophies between the two coasts of
the<00:03:21.920> United<00:03:22.400> States.<00:03:23.200> So<00:03:23.239> that's<00:03:23.480> right,<00:03:23.760> it's
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the United States. So that's right, it's
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the United States. So that's right, it's
an<00:03:24.239> East<00:03:24.519> Coast<00:03:24.920> versus<00:03:25.320> West<00:03:25.640> Coast<00:03:25.959> type
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an East Coast versus West Coast type
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an East Coast versus West Coast type
thing,<00:03:27.040> and<00:03:27.320> weirdly<00:03:27.760> enough<00:03:28.480> a<00:03:28.680> battle
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thing, and weirdly enough a battle
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thing, and weirdly enough a battle
between<00:03:29.560> MIT<00:03:30.320> and<00:03:30.480> New<00:03:30.680> Jersey.<00:03:31.560> There<00:03:31.720> are
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between MIT and New Jersey. There are
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between MIT and New Jersey. There are
two<00:03:32.080> philosophies<00:03:32.800> for<00:03:33.000> writing<00:03:33.360> software<00:03:33.959> in
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two philosophies for writing software in
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two philosophies for writing software in
the<00:03:34.320> United<00:03:34.800> States.<00:03:35.360> And<00:03:35.480> these<00:03:35.680> two
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the United States. And these two
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the United States. And these two
philosophies<00:03:36.519> are<00:03:36.640> just<00:03:36.840> completely
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philosophies are just completely
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philosophies are just completely
incompatible<00:03:38.080> with<00:03:38.280> each<00:03:38.519> other,<00:03:39.120> and<00:03:39.280> they
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incompatible with each other, and they
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incompatible with each other, and they
can't<00:03:39.760> even<00:03:40.080> agree<00:03:40.680> on<00:03:40.880> the<00:03:40.959> definition<00:03:41.640> of
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can't even agree on the definition of
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can't even agree on the definition of
what<00:03:42.080> good<00:03:42.440> actually<00:03:43.080> is.<00:03:43.840> So<00:03:44.040> on<00:03:44.200> one<00:03:44.400> hand
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what good actually is. So on one hand
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what good actually is. So on one hand
you<00:03:44.920> have<00:03:45.280> the<00:03:45.519> MIT<00:03:46.120> style,<00:03:46.640> and<00:03:46.800> this<00:03:47.000> is<00:03:47.120> the
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you have the MIT style, and this is the
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you have the MIT style, and this is the
style<00:03:47.720> that<00:03:47.959> Gabriel<00:03:48.440> called<00:03:49.120> the<00:03:49.320> {quote}
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style that Gabriel called the {quote}
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style that Gabriel called the {quote}
right<00:03:50.519> thing.<00:03:51.200> It's<00:03:51.480> really<00:03:51.760> simple,<00:03:52.360> Just
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right thing. It's really simple, Just
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right thing. It's really simple, Just
design<00:03:53.160> the<00:03:53.440> perfect<00:03:53.960> program,<00:03:54.920> make<00:03:55.120> the
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design the perfect program, make the
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design the perfect program, make the
interface<00:03:56.080> easy<00:03:56.400> to<00:03:56.640> use<00:03:57.320> and<00:03:57.600> simple<00:03:58.080> to<00:03:58.240> call
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interface easy to use and simple to call
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interface easy to use and simple to call
no<00:03:58.800> matter<00:03:59.040> how<00:03:59.320> complicated<00:04:00.040> the<00:04:00.160> underlying
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no matter how complicated the underlying
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no matter how complicated the underlying
implementation<00:04:01.520> actually<00:04:02.040> is.<00:04:02.680> And<00:04:02.920> above
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implementation actually is. And above
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implementation actually is. And above
all,<00:04:03.720> every<00:04:04.000> single<00:04:04.320> time,<00:04:04.760> no<00:04:04.880> matter<00:04:05.120> how
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all, every single time, no matter how
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all, every single time, no matter how
long<00:04:05.640> it<00:04:05.760> takes,<00:04:06.480> make<00:04:06.760> it<00:04:06.880> correct.<00:04:07.920> Just<00:04:08.200> 200
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long it takes, make it correct. Just 200
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long it takes, make it correct. Just 200
mi<00:04:09.080> apart<00:04:09.520> in<00:04:09.600> another<00:04:09.959> building<00:04:10.440> over<00:04:10.720> in<00:04:10.840> New
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mi apart in another building over in New
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mi apart in another building over in New
Jersey,<00:04:11.520> we<00:04:11.680> have<00:04:12.040> Bell<00:04:12.280> Labs<00:04:13.160> and<00:04:13.360> they<00:04:13.480> had<00:04:13.680> a
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Jersey, we have Bell Labs and they had a
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Jersey, we have Bell Labs and they had a
flurry<00:04:14.200> of<00:04:14.320> activity<00:04:14.880> around<00:04:15.320> Unix.<00:04:16.120> Now,<00:04:16.280> the
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flurry of activity around Unix. Now, the
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flurry of activity around Unix. Now, the
Unix<00:04:16.880> philosophy<00:04:17.720> was<00:04:18.359> keep<00:04:18.799> the
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Unix philosophy was keep the
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Unix philosophy was keep the
implementation<00:04:20.040> simple.<00:04:20.840> It<00:04:20.920> doesn't<00:04:21.200> matter
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implementation simple. It doesn't matter
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implementation simple. It doesn't matter
if<00:04:21.680> the<00:04:21.799> interface<00:04:22.520> is<00:04:22.800> ugly<00:04:23.320> because<00:04:23.640> the
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if the interface is ugly because the
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if the interface is ugly because the
users<00:04:24.120> basically<00:04:24.600> just<00:04:24.919> going<00:04:25.080> to<00:04:25.200> have<00:04:25.440> to
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users basically just going to have to
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users basically just going to have to
deal<00:04:25.880> with<00:04:26.120> it.<00:04:26.560> And<00:04:26.800> as<00:04:27.080> for<00:04:27.320> correctness,
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deal with it. And as for correctness,
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deal with it. And as for correctness,
well,<00:04:28.520> eh,<00:04:28.919> correctness<00:04:29.400> can<00:04:29.560> come<00:04:29.840> later.
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well, eh, correctness can come later.
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well, eh, correctness can come later.
The<00:04:30.600> important<00:04:31.040> part<00:04:31.400> is<00:04:31.640> just<00:04:32.080> get<00:04:32.400> it<00:04:32.640> out.
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The important part is just get it out.
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The important part is just get it out.
Now,<00:04:33.840> I'm<00:04:33.960> not<00:04:34.160> making<00:04:34.440> this<00:04:34.680> up,<00:04:35.200> but<00:04:35.400> Gabriel
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Now, I'm not making this up, but Gabriel
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Now, I'm not making this up, but Gabriel
used<00:04:36.280> to<00:04:36.400> say,<00:04:36.720> and<00:04:36.960> I<00:04:37.040> quote,<00:04:38.000> "Well,<00:04:38.320> what<00:04:38.440> do
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used to say, and I quote, "Well, what do
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used to say, and I quote, "Well, what do
you<00:04:38.600> expect<00:04:39.080> from<00:04:39.240> an<00:04:39.400> operating<00:04:39.919> system
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you expect from an operating system
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you expect from an operating system
designed<00:04:40.880> and<00:04:41.000> implemented<00:04:41.680> in<00:04:41.800> New<00:04:41.960> Jersey?"
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designed and implemented in New Jersey?"
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designed and implemented in New Jersey?"
>> [laughter]
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>> And<00:04:45.760> over<00:04:46.120> the<00:04:46.360> years,<00:04:46.919> this<00:04:47.120> kind<00:04:47.520> of<00:04:47.800> morphed
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>> And over the years, this kind of morphed
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>> And over the years, this kind of morphed
into<00:04:48.760> this<00:04:49.080> East<00:04:49.400> Coast<00:04:49.760> versus<00:04:50.200> West<00:04:50.560> Coast
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into this East Coast versus West Coast
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into this East Coast versus West Coast
philosophy.<00:04:52.120> Berkeley<00:04:52.520> ended<00:04:52.800> up<00:04:53.000> choosing
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philosophy. Berkeley ended up choosing
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philosophy. Berkeley ended up choosing
the<00:04:53.720> New<00:04:53.880> Jersey<00:04:54.320> style<00:04:54.800> of<00:04:54.919> software
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the New Jersey style of software
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the New Jersey style of software
engineering<00:04:56.360> and<00:04:56.520> that<00:04:56.840> combined<00:04:57.400> with<00:04:57.520> the
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engineering and that combined with the
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engineering and that combined with the
kind<00:04:57.800> of<00:04:57.880> ship<00:04:58.120> it<00:04:58.240> fast<00:04:58.680> culture<00:04:59.120> of<00:04:59.280> Silicon
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kind of ship it fast culture of Silicon
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kind of ship it fast culture of Silicon
Valley<00:05:00.480> ended<00:05:00.760> up<00:05:00.880> making<00:05:01.200> the<00:05:01.320> West<00:05:01.800> more
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Valley ended up making the West more
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Valley ended up making the West more
culturally<00:05:03.000> New<00:05:03.240> Jersey,<00:05:04.160> while<00:05:04.400> the<00:05:04.480> East
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culturally New Jersey, while the East
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culturally New Jersey, while the East
Coast<00:05:05.240> ended<00:05:05.520> up<00:05:06.040> veering<00:05:06.480> more<00:05:06.880> towards<00:05:07.440> an
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Coast ended up veering more towards an
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Coast ended up veering more towards an
academic<00:05:08.120> form<00:05:08.440> of<00:05:08.560> software<00:05:08.919> engineering.
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academic form of software engineering.
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academic form of software engineering.
As<00:05:09.840> much<00:05:10.040> as<00:05:10.160> he<00:05:10.360> hated<00:05:10.760> it,<00:05:11.160> Gabriel<00:05:11.560> argued
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As much as he hated it, Gabriel argued
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As much as he hated it, Gabriel argued
that<00:05:12.120> New<00:05:12.280> Jersey<00:05:12.640> style<00:05:13.040> was<00:05:13.200> better.<00:05:13.880> Not
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that New Jersey style was better. Not
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that New Jersey style was better. Not
the<00:05:14.240> software,<00:05:15.120> the<00:05:15.120> software<00:05:15.560> he<00:05:15.720> thought
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the software, the software he thought
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the software, the software he thought
was<00:05:16.160> trash,<00:05:16.720> but<00:05:16.880> trash<00:05:17.240> spreads<00:05:17.720> faster.
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was trash, but trash spreads faster.
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was trash, but trash spreads faster.
According<00:05:20.560> to<00:05:20.720> him,<00:05:21.320> it's<00:05:21.520> better<00:05:21.760> to<00:05:21.880> get
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According to him, it's better to get
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According to him, it's better to get
half<00:05:22.640> of<00:05:22.800> the<00:05:22.919> right<00:05:23.200> thing<00:05:23.480> available<00:05:24.160> so
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half of the right thing available so
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half of the right thing available so
that<00:05:24.480> it<00:05:24.600> spreads<00:05:24.960> like<00:05:25.160> a<00:05:25.240> virus.<00:05:26.160> That's
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that it spreads like a virus. That's
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that it spreads like a virus. That's
exactly<00:05:27.040> what<00:05:27.200> Unix<00:05:27.600> did.<00:05:28.000> And<00:05:28.480> just<00:05:28.720> as
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exactly what Unix did. And just as
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exactly what Unix did. And just as
importantly,<00:05:29.760> that's<00:05:30.000> exactly<00:05:30.560> what<00:05:30.800> C<00:05:31.080> did.
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importantly, that's exactly what C did.
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importantly, that's exactly what C did.
It<00:05:31.919> was<00:05:32.280> easy<00:05:32.520> to<00:05:32.640> port<00:05:33.120> and<00:05:33.320> could<00:05:33.560> run<00:05:33.840> on
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It was easy to port and could run on
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It was easy to port and could run on
garbage<00:05:34.600> hardware.<00:05:35.560> And<00:05:35.720> Gabriel<00:05:36.240> said<00:05:36.720> that
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garbage hardware. And Gabriel said that
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garbage hardware. And Gabriel said that
those<00:05:37.480> two<00:05:37.800> were<00:05:38.080> the<00:05:38.320> ultimate<00:05:38.800> computer
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those two were the ultimate computer
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those two were the ultimate computer
viruses.<00:05:40.280> And<00:05:40.400> keep<00:05:40.640> in<00:05:40.760> mind,<00:05:41.240> he's<00:05:41.480> saying
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viruses. And keep in mind, he's saying
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viruses. And keep in mind, he's saying
all<00:05:42.080> of<00:05:42.240> this<00:05:42.880> while<00:05:43.240> he's<00:05:43.480> betting<00:05:43.760> his
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all of this while he's betting his
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all of this while he's betting his
entire<00:05:44.600> company<00:05:45.240> on<00:05:45.520> the<00:05:45.720> MIT<00:05:46.320> philosophy.
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entire company on the MIT philosophy.
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entire company on the MIT philosophy.
So,<00:05:48.920> why<00:05:49.200> does<00:05:49.400> the<00:05:49.480> worst<00:05:49.840> thing<00:05:50.160> always<00:05:50.560> win?
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So, why does the worst thing always win?
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So, why does the worst thing always win?
Why<00:05:51.360> does<00:05:51.560> everybody<00:05:52.040> end<00:05:52.240> up<00:05:52.400> taking<00:05:52.840> the
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Why does everybody end up taking the
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Why does everybody end up taking the
crummy<00:05:53.360> dirt<00:05:53.680> path<00:05:54.040> instead<00:05:54.320> of<00:05:54.400> the<00:05:54.520> nice
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crummy dirt path instead of the nice
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crummy dirt path instead of the nice
smooth<00:05:55.440> paved<00:05:55.960> switchbacks?<00:05:57.040> Well,<00:05:57.160> there's
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smooth paved switchbacks? Well, there's
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smooth paved switchbacks? Well, there's
one<00:05:57.520> specific<00:05:58.040> technical<00:05:58.520> decision,<00:05:59.120> and
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one specific technical decision, and
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one specific technical decision, and
it's<00:05:59.360> one<00:05:59.480> of<00:05:59.560> the<00:06:00.000> cleanest<00:06:00.560> parts<00:06:01.000> in<00:06:01.200> the
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it's one of the cleanest parts in the
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it's one of the cleanest parts in the
entire<00:06:02.000> essay.<00:06:02.720> It<00:06:02.840> takes<00:06:03.080> the<00:06:03.200> entire<00:06:03.680> East
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entire essay. It takes the entire East
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entire essay. It takes the entire East
Coast<00:06:04.280> versus<00:06:04.640> West<00:06:04.960> Coast<00:06:05.280> debate<00:06:05.920> and
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Coast versus West Coast debate and
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Coast versus West Coast debate and
summarize<00:06:06.600> it<00:06:06.720> into<00:06:07.080> one<00:06:07.520> single<00:06:07.880> dilemma.
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summarize it into one single dilemma.
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summarize it into one single dilemma.
Programmers<00:06:09.080> call<00:06:09.240> it<00:06:09.360> the<00:06:09.440> PC<00:06:09.960> load<00:06:10.240> sharing
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Programmers call it the PC load sharing
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Programmers call it the PC load sharing
problem.<00:06:11.520> I<00:06:11.600> know<00:06:11.840> PC<00:06:12.240> doesn't<00:06:12.520> mean<00:06:12.680> personal
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problem. I know PC doesn't mean personal
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problem. I know PC doesn't mean personal
computer<00:06:13.480> in<00:06:13.560> this<00:06:13.720> context,<00:06:14.280> it<00:06:14.360> means
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computer in this context, it means
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computer in this context, it means
program<00:06:15.120> counter.<00:06:15.920> Imagine<00:06:16.200> it's<00:06:16.520> the<00:06:16.640> 1980s,
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program counter. Imagine it's the 1980s,
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program counter. Imagine it's the 1980s,
and<00:06:17.760> you<00:06:17.840> write<00:06:17.939> [music]<00:06:18.040> a<00:06:18.120> program<00:06:18.600> and
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and you write [music] a program and
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and you write [music] a program and
you're<00:06:18.840> waiting<00:06:19.200> for<00:06:19.320> some<00:06:19.560> data,<00:06:20.000> maybe<00:06:20.280> from
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you're waiting for some data, maybe from
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you're waiting for some data, maybe from
the<00:06:20.600> network<00:06:21.000> or<00:06:21.080> something.<00:06:21.960> But<00:06:22.120> wait,
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the network or something. But wait,
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the network or something. But wait,
something<00:06:23.000> happened.<00:06:23.560> Holy<00:06:23.880> guacamole,<00:06:24.640> the
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something happened. Holy guacamole, the
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something happened. Holy guacamole, the
user<00:06:25.160> accidentally<00:06:25.720> resized<00:06:26.360> their
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user accidentally resized their
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user accidentally resized their
terminal.<00:06:27.280> Interrupt<00:06:27.960> sigwinch,<00:06:28.520> sigwinch.
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terminal. Interrupt sigwinch, sigwinch.
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terminal. Interrupt sigwinch, sigwinch.
I'm<00:06:29.760> actually<00:06:30.200> not<00:06:30.680> joking,<00:06:31.120> by<00:06:31.320> the<00:06:31.400> way,
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I'm actually not joking, by the way,
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I'm actually not joking, by the way,
because<00:06:31.919> if<00:06:32.040> you<00:06:32.160> were<00:06:32.280> using<00:06:32.640> graphical<00:06:33.160> Unix
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because if you were using graphical Unix
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because if you were using graphical Unix
back<00:06:33.880> in<00:06:33.960> the<00:06:34.120> '80s,<00:06:34.840> then<00:06:35.000> window<00:06:35.320> resizing
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back in the '80s, then window resizing
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back in the '80s, then window resizing
could<00:06:36.480> actually<00:06:36.919> mess<00:06:37.240> you<00:06:37.400> up<00:06:37.880> because<00:06:38.200> the
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could actually mess you up because the
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could actually mess you up because the
processor<00:06:38.800> has<00:06:39.040> to<00:06:39.120> just<00:06:39.280> completely<00:06:39.720> drop
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processor has to just completely drop
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processor has to just completely drop
whatever<00:06:40.440> it's<00:06:40.640> doing<00:06:41.280> to<00:06:41.400> be<00:06:41.520> able<00:06:41.680> to<00:06:41.880> handle
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whatever it's doing to be able to handle
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whatever it's doing to be able to handle
the<00:06:42.440> new<00:06:42.800> incoming<00:06:43.280> notification.<00:06:44.280> In<00:06:44.360> the
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the new incoming notification. In the
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the new incoming notification. In the
lovely<00:06:45.400> MIT<00:06:46.000> way,<00:06:46.240> the<00:06:46.440> OS<00:06:46.840> just<00:06:47.120> handles<00:06:47.680> all
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lovely MIT way, the OS just handles all
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lovely MIT way, the OS just handles all
of<00:06:48.000> this<00:06:48.280> for<00:06:48.560> you.<00:06:49.160> Saves<00:06:49.440> the<00:06:49.520> state<00:06:49.800> of<00:06:49.880> the
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of this for you. Saves the state of the
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of this for you. Saves the state of the
program<00:06:50.440> counter,<00:06:51.000> does<00:06:51.280> what<00:06:51.400> it<00:06:51.520> needs<00:06:51.800> to
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program counter, does what it needs to
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program counter, does what it needs to
do,<00:06:52.480> then<00:06:52.680> resumes<00:06:53.080> your<00:06:53.240> program,<00:06:53.840> and
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do, then resumes your program, and
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do, then resumes your program, and
nobody's<00:06:54.520> the<00:06:54.600> wiser.<00:06:55.200> Meanwhile,<00:06:55.840> in<00:06:55.960> the
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nobody's the wiser. Meanwhile, in the
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nobody's the wiser. Meanwhile, in the
second<00:06:56.600> approach,<00:06:57.280> if<00:06:57.400> you're<00:06:57.520> working<00:06:57.880> on
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second approach, if you're working on
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second approach, if you're working on
Unix-based<00:06:58.760> systems,<00:06:59.600> you're<00:06:59.840> absolutely
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Unix-based systems, you're absolutely
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Unix-based systems, you're absolutely
screwed.<00:07:01.200> Over<00:07:01.440> in<00:07:01.560> New<00:07:01.720> Jersey,<00:07:02.160> Bell<00:07:02.400> Labs
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screwed. Over in New Jersey, Bell Labs
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screwed. Over in New Jersey, Bell Labs
was<00:07:02.919> like,
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was like,
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was like,
"Backing<00:07:04.320> up<00:07:04.440> the<00:07:04.600> program<00:07:05.080> counter<00:07:05.480> would
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"Backing up the program counter would
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"Backing up the program counter would
make<00:07:05.800> the<00:07:05.960> OS<00:07:06.360> like<00:07:06.600> really<00:07:07.080> complicated,<00:07:07.840> so
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make the OS like really complicated, so
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make the OS like really complicated, so
I<00:07:07.960> think<00:07:08.200> we're<00:07:08.320> going<00:07:08.480> to<00:07:08.560> let<00:07:08.720> the
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I think we're going to let the
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I think we're going to let the
programmers<00:07:09.440> deal<00:07:09.640> with<00:07:09.800> that<00:07:10.040> one."
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programmers deal with that one."
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programmers deal with that one."
So,<00:07:12.200> then<00:07:12.800> you<00:07:12.919> would<00:07:13.040> get<00:07:13.200> thrown<00:07:13.440> this<00:07:13.600> error
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So, then you would get thrown this error
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So, then you would get thrown this error
code<00:07:14.320> like<00:07:14.800> e<00:07:15.120> enter,<00:07:15.600> and<00:07:15.720> the<00:07:15.840> OS<00:07:16.200> would<00:07:16.320> just
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code like e enter, and the OS would just
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code like e enter, and the OS would just
be<00:07:16.680> like,<00:07:17.240> "I<00:07:17.400> have<00:07:17.680> no<00:07:18.040> idea<00:07:18.360> what<00:07:18.560> to<00:07:18.680> do.<00:07:19.040> You
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be like, "I have no idea what to do. You
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be like, "I have no idea what to do. You
need<00:07:19.480> to<00:07:19.560> deal<00:07:19.800> with<00:07:19.960> this<00:07:20.280> one."
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need to deal with this one."
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need to deal with this one."
This<00:07:21.760> is<00:07:21.840> a<00:07:21.880> book<00:07:22.080> on<00:07:22.200> coffee,<00:07:22.520> by<00:07:22.680> the<00:07:22.760> way.
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This is a book on coffee, by the way.
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This is a book on coffee, by the way.
>> [laughter]
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>> [laughter]
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>> [laughter]
>> I<00:07:25.440> don't<00:07:25.600> think<00:07:25.720> we're<00:07:25.800> going<00:07:25.919> to<00:07:26.000> find<00:07:26.440> our<00:07:26.600> e
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>> I don't think we're going to find our e
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>> I don't think we're going to find our e
enter<00:07:27.000> signals<00:07:27.440> in<00:07:27.560> here.<00:07:27.919> Espresso<00:07:29.080> signals.
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enter signals in here. Espresso signals.
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enter signals in here. Espresso signals.
And<00:07:31.320> if<00:07:31.440> you<00:07:31.560> think<00:07:31.760> this<00:07:31.960> is<00:07:32.080> just<00:07:32.280> some
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And if you think this is just some
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And if you think this is just some
ancient<00:07:32.919> 1980s<00:07:33.760> history,<00:07:34.840> it's<00:07:35.160> not.<00:07:35.640> The
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ancient 1980s history, it's not. The
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ancient 1980s history, it's not. The
ghost<00:07:36.080> of<00:07:36.200> New<00:07:36.360> Jersey<00:07:36.840> is<00:07:37.000> still<00:07:37.280> with<00:07:37.520> us
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ghost of New Jersey is still with us
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ghost of New Jersey is still with us
everywhere<00:07:38.200> we<00:07:38.320> go<00:07:38.640> today.
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everywhere we go today.
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everywhere we go today.
For<00:07:40.880> example,<00:07:41.440> if<00:07:41.560> you<00:07:41.640> take<00:07:41.840> a<00:07:41.880> look<00:07:42.040> at<00:07:42.160> the
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For example, if you take a look at the
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For example, if you take a look at the
Git<00:07:42.600> source<00:07:42.920> code,<00:07:43.520> then<00:07:43.640> you'll<00:07:43.800> see<00:07:44.160> all<00:07:44.400> of
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Git source code, then you'll see all of
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Git source code, then you'll see all of
these<00:07:44.800> e-enter<00:07:45.480> handlers<00:07:46.120> all<00:07:46.320> over<00:07:46.480> the
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these e-enter handlers all over the
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these e-enter handlers all over the
place.<00:07:47.280> Let's<00:07:47.520> say,<00:07:47.760> for<00:07:47.960> example,<00:07:48.560> you<00:07:48.760> do<00:07:49.160> a
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place. Let's say, for example, you do a
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place. Let's say, for example, you do a
Git<00:07:49.640> clone,<00:07:50.360> and<00:07:50.480> then<00:07:50.640> in<00:07:50.720> the<00:07:50.800> middle<00:07:51.040> of
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Git clone, and then in the middle of
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Git clone, and then in the middle of
that<00:07:51.320> you<00:07:51.360> decide<00:07:51.720> to<00:07:51.880> resize<00:07:52.400> your<00:07:52.600> terminal
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that you decide to resize your terminal
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that you decide to resize your terminal
window.
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window.
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window.
We<00:07:54.560> still<00:07:54.840> have<00:07:55.120> this<00:07:55.360> exact<00:07:55.960> same<00:07:56.240> problem<00:07:56.800> in
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We still have this exact same problem in
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We still have this exact same problem in
2026.<00:07:58.320> Isn't<00:07:58.480> it<00:07:58.600> kind<00:07:58.760> of<00:07:58.840> crazy<00:07:59.320> to<00:07:59.440> just
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2026. Isn't it kind of crazy to just
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2026. Isn't it kind of crazy to just
think<00:07:59.920> if<00:08:00.080> I<00:08:00.280> just<00:08:00.560> go<00:08:00.760> like<00:08:01.040> this?<00:08:02.040> On<00:08:02.160> the
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think if I just go like this? On the
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think if I just go like this? On the
back<00:08:02.640> end,<00:08:02.840> your<00:08:02.960> system<00:08:03.400> is<00:08:03.520> completely
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back end, your system is completely
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back end, your system is completely
freaking<00:08:04.520> out<00:08:04.720> right<00:08:04.880> now.<00:08:05.040> It's<00:08:05.160> like,
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freaking out right now. It's like,
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freaking out right now. It's like,
>> [laughter]
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>> [laughter]
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>> [laughter]
>> So,<00:08:07.640> you<00:08:07.720> might<00:08:07.960> be<00:08:08.080> thinking<00:08:08.480> like,<00:08:08.720> "Hmm,
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>> So, you might be thinking like, "Hmm,
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>> So, you might be thinking like, "Hmm,
maybe<00:08:09.800> the<00:08:10.040> MIT<00:08:10.520> philosophy<00:08:11.240> has<00:08:11.560> a<00:08:11.640> few
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maybe the MIT philosophy has a few
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maybe the MIT philosophy has a few
points<00:08:12.240> to<00:08:12.480> it."<00:08:12.720> But,<00:08:13.000> none<00:08:13.280> of<00:08:13.360> that
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points to it." But, none of that
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points to it." But, none of that
mattered<00:08:14.160> because<00:08:14.480> the<00:08:14.600> entire<00:08:15.280> point<00:08:15.880> of
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mattered because the entire point of
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mattered because the entire point of
Gabriel's<00:08:16.720> essay<00:08:17.200> is<00:08:17.400> essentially<00:08:18.400> the<00:08:18.520> best
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Gabriel's essay is essentially the best
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Gabriel's essay is essentially the best
way<00:08:19.160> to<00:08:19.480> guarantee<00:08:20.360> your<00:08:20.560> software's<00:08:21.240> failure
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way to guarantee your software's failure
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way to guarantee your software's failure
is<00:08:22.280> to<00:08:22.440> make<00:08:22.680> it<00:08:22.800> 100%<00:08:23.919> correct,<00:08:24.919> which<00:08:25.080> brings
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is to make it 100% correct, which brings
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is to make it 100% correct, which brings
us<00:08:25.520> to<00:08:25.680> the<00:08:25.880> ultimate<00:08:26.320> contagion,<00:08:27.520> C++.<00:08:28.480> Now,
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us to the ultimate contagion, C++. Now,
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us to the ultimate contagion, C++. Now,
just<00:08:28.720> to<00:08:28.760> be<00:08:28.880> clear,<00:08:29.240> I<00:08:29.440> love<00:08:30.080> C++.<00:08:31.280> So<00:08:31.440> much<00:08:31.720> so
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just to be clear, I love C++. So much so
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just to be clear, I love C++. So much so
that<00:08:32.039> I'm<00:08:32.159> actually<00:08:32.440> giving<00:08:32.680> a<00:08:32.719> talk<00:08:33.039> coming
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that I'm actually giving a talk coming
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that I'm actually giving a talk coming
up<00:08:33.479> soon<00:08:33.960> in<00:08:34.120> the<00:08:34.240> UK<00:08:35.000> talking<00:08:35.280> about<00:08:35.599> some
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up soon in the UK talking about some
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up soon in the UK talking about some
runtime<00:08:36.320> reflection<00:08:36.919> techniques<00:08:37.560> for<00:08:37.719> C++.
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runtime reflection techniques for C++.
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runtime reflection techniques for C++.
But,<00:08:39.120> it's<00:08:39.240> also<00:08:39.680> really<00:08:40.039> clear<00:08:40.440> that<00:08:40.599> a<00:08:40.640> lot
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But, it's also really clear that a lot
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But, it's also really clear that a lot
of<00:08:41.120> people<00:08:41.680> really<00:08:42.200> hate<00:08:42.800> C++.<00:08:44.280> And<00:08:44.400> both<00:08:44.720> the
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of people really hate C++. And both the
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of people really hate C++. And both the
success<00:08:45.560> of<00:08:45.720> the<00:08:45.839> language<00:08:46.480> and<00:08:46.760> that<00:08:47.120> hatred
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success of the language and that hatred
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success of the language and that hatred
of<00:08:47.920> the<00:08:48.040> language<00:08:48.800> come<00:08:49.040> from<00:08:49.360> the<00:08:49.480> same
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of the language come from the same
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of the language come from the same
thing.<00:08:50.680> And<00:08:50.800> this<00:08:50.920> is<00:08:51.040> what<00:08:51.200> Dr.<00:08:51.520> Gabriel
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thing. And this is what Dr. Gabriel
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thing. And this is what Dr. Gabriel
calls<00:08:52.839> New<00:08:53.040> Jersey.<00:08:53.640> Turns<00:08:53.920> out,<00:08:54.160> Bjarne
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calls New Jersey. Turns out, Bjarne
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calls New Jersey. Turns out, Bjarne
Stroustrup<00:08:55.000> is<00:08:55.160> a<00:08:55.280> pretty<00:08:55.600> smart<00:08:55.960> guy.<00:08:56.680> And
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Stroustrup is a pretty smart guy. And
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Stroustrup is a pretty smart guy. And
fun<00:08:57.200> fact,<00:08:57.480> I've<00:08:57.600> actually<00:08:58.000> met<00:08:58.240> him<00:08:58.400> in
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fun fact, I've actually met him in
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fun fact, I've actually met him in
person<00:08:58.839> before.<00:08:59.800> But,<00:08:59.839> the<00:08:59.920> question<00:09:00.240> you
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person before. But, the question you
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person before. But, the question you
have<00:09:00.480> to<00:09:00.600> ask<00:09:00.920> yourself<00:09:01.480> is,<00:09:01.760> do<00:09:01.960> you<00:09:02.080> want<00:09:02.240> to
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have to ask yourself is, do you want to
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have to ask yourself is, do you want to
be<00:09:02.440> correct<00:09:03.000> or<00:09:03.160> do<00:09:03.480> you<00:09:03.600> want<00:09:03.760> to<00:09:03.839> win?<00:09:04.760> Now,
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be correct or do you want to win? Now,
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be correct or do you want to win? Now,
object-oriented<00:09:05.800> languages<00:09:06.400> were<00:09:06.520> this<00:09:06.680> hot
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object-oriented languages were this hot
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object-oriented languages were this hot
new<00:09:07.120> concept.<00:09:08.080> For<00:09:08.160> his<00:09:08.400> PhD,<00:09:09.080> Bjarne<00:09:09.440> worked
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new concept. For his PhD, Bjarne worked
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new concept. For his PhD, Bjarne worked
with<00:09:10.040> a<00:09:10.120> language<00:09:10.640> called<00:09:10.960> Simula,<00:09:11.800> and
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with a language called Simula, and
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with a language called Simula, and
Simula<00:09:12.480> was<00:09:12.720> the<00:09:12.880> first<00:09:13.320> object-oriented
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Simula was the first object-oriented
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Simula was the first object-oriented
language<00:09:14.800> ever<00:09:15.080> created.<00:09:15.960> It<00:09:16.120> was<00:09:16.480> clean,
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language ever created. It was clean,
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language ever created. It was clean,
elegant,<00:09:17.960> beautiful,<00:09:19.280> also<00:09:19.880> unusably<00:09:20.680> slow.
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elegant, beautiful, also unusably slow.
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elegant, beautiful, also unusably slow.
So,<00:09:21.480> nobody<00:09:21.839> really<00:09:22.160> used<00:09:22.440> it<00:09:22.600> like<00:09:22.800> out<00:09:22.920> of
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So, nobody really used it like out of
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So, nobody really used it like out of
side<00:09:23.520> of<00:09:23.680> academia.<00:09:24.920> And<00:09:25.040> remember,<00:09:25.400> Bjarne
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side of academia. And remember, Bjarne
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side of academia. And remember, Bjarne
was<00:09:26.000> literally<00:09:26.600> at<00:09:26.960> Bell<00:09:27.280> Labs<00:09:27.800> in<00:09:28.040> New
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was literally at Bell Labs in New
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was literally at Bell Labs in New
Jersey.<00:09:28.760> And<00:09:28.880> so,<00:09:29.000> he<00:09:29.160> was<00:09:29.320> given<00:09:29.960> a<00:09:30.120> crazy
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Jersey. And so, he was given a crazy
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Jersey. And so, he was given a crazy
open-ended<00:09:31.760> task.<00:09:32.440> Do<00:09:32.640> something
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open-ended task. Do something
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open-ended task. Do something
interesting<00:09:33.720> and<00:09:33.960> give<00:09:34.160> us<00:09:34.280> a<00:09:34.360> presentation
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interesting and give us a presentation
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interesting and give us a presentation
in<00:09:35.360> a<00:09:35.440> year.<00:09:35.960> What<00:09:36.120> would<00:09:36.320> I<00:09:36.440> do<00:09:36.760> with<00:09:36.960> that
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in a year. What would I do with that
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in a year. What would I do with that
task?
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task?
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task?
>> [laughter]
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>> [laughter]
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>> [laughter]
>> I<00:09:39.320> don't<00:09:39.480> know<00:09:39.600> what<00:09:39.800> I<00:09:39.880> would<00:09:40.040> do.<00:09:40.640> It's
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>> I don't know what I would do. It's
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>> I don't know what I would do. It's
interesting<00:09:41.320> to<00:09:41.440> think<00:09:41.680> about.
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interesting to think about.
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interesting to think about.
I<00:09:43.400> think<00:09:43.680> I<00:09:43.800> would<00:09:44.680> uh
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I think I would uh
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I think I would uh
come<00:09:45.720> up<00:09:46.040> with<00:09:46.640> You<00:09:46.760> know<00:09:46.880> those<00:09:47.120> pianos<00:09:48.200> that
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come up with You know those pianos that
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come up with You know those pianos that
are<00:09:48.480> like<00:09:48.840> on<00:09:49.040> the<00:09:49.120> ground<00:09:49.920> that<00:09:50.040> you<00:09:50.120> like
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are like on the ground that you like
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are like on the ground that you like
move<00:09:50.520> your<00:09:50.680> feet<00:09:51.000> on?
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move your feet on?
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move your feet on?
I<00:09:52.280> do<00:09:52.480> that,<00:09:52.880> but<00:09:53.040> it's<00:09:53.200> a<00:09:53.280> keyboard,<00:09:54.000> so<00:09:54.200> you
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I do that, but it's a keyboard, so you
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I do that, but it's a keyboard, so you
can<00:09:54.600> program,<00:09:55.120> but<00:09:55.280> you<00:09:55.440> also<00:09:55.760> can<00:09:55.920> get
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can program, but you also can get
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can program, but you also can get
exercise<00:09:57.240> at<00:09:57.440> the<00:09:57.560> same<00:09:57.880> time.<00:09:58.480> It's<00:09:58.640> just
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exercise at the same time. It's just
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exercise at the same time. It's just
like
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like
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like
It's<00:09:59.986> [laughter]<00:10:00.120> just
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It's [laughter] just
00:10:01.360 --> 00:10:04.030 align:start position:0%
It's [laughter] just
It's<00:10:01.560> just<00:10:01.720> like<00:10:01.840> really<00:10:02.200> slow.<00:10:02.880> You're<00:10:03.040> like
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It's just like really slow. You're like
00:10:04.040 --> 00:10:05.216 align:start position:0%
It's just like really slow. You're like
if
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if
00:10:05.226 --> 00:10:06.390 align:start position:0%
if
>> [laughter]
00:10:06.390 --> 00:10:06.400 align:start position:0%
>> [laughter]
00:10:06.400 --> 00:10:08.790 align:start position:0%
>> [laughter]
>> bracket
00:10:08.790 --> 00:10:08.800 align:start position:0%
>> bracket
00:10:08.800 --> 00:10:11.310 align:start position:0%
>> bracket
else
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else
00:10:11.320 --> 00:10:14.590 align:start position:0%
else
done.<00:10:12.240> There's<00:10:12.520> a<00:10:12.720> world-changing<00:10:14.040> decision
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done. There's a world-changing decision
00:10:14.600 --> 00:10:16.590 align:start position:0%
done. There's a world-changing decision
right<00:10:14.880> here,<00:10:15.480> because<00:10:15.800> he<00:10:15.920> could<00:10:16.080> either<00:10:16.320> take
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right here, because he could either take
00:10:16.600 --> 00:10:19.070 align:start position:0%
right here, because he could either take
Simula,<00:10:17.200> redesign<00:10:17.720> it<00:10:17.840> from<00:10:18.040> scratch,<00:10:18.920> and
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Simula, redesign it from scratch, and
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Simula, redesign it from scratch, and
create<00:10:20.000> a<00:10:20.360> new<00:10:20.840> beautiful<00:10:21.680> language<00:10:22.320> that
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create a new beautiful language that
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create a new beautiful language that
runs<00:10:22.840> on<00:10:23.000> modern<00:10:23.360> hardware,<00:10:24.240> or<00:10:24.440> he<00:10:24.520> could
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runs on modern hardware, or he could
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runs on modern hardware, or he could
take<00:10:24.960> fast,<00:10:25.520> ugly<00:10:25.920> C,<00:10:26.440> and<00:10:26.560> basically<00:10:27.080> bolt<00:10:27.520> on
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take fast, ugly C, and basically bolt on
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take fast, ugly C, and basically bolt on
object<00:10:28.240> orientation<00:10:28.960> on<00:10:29.120> top<00:10:29.440> of<00:10:29.560> it,<00:10:30.000> and<00:10:30.080> try
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object orientation on top of it, and try
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object orientation on top of it, and try
to<00:10:30.280> maintain<00:10:30.680> as<00:10:30.800> much<00:10:30.960> backwards
00:10:31.390 --> 00:10:31.400 align:start position:0%
to maintain as much backwards
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to maintain as much backwards
compatibility<00:10:32.160> as<00:10:32.280> possible.<00:10:33.000> In<00:10:33.160> his<00:10:33.400> own
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compatibility as possible. In his own
00:10:33.640 --> 00:10:35.350 align:start position:0%
compatibility as possible. In his own
book,<00:10:34.040> Bjarne<00:10:34.400> wrote<00:10:34.680> that<00:10:34.840> the<00:10:35.040> cleaner
00:10:35.350 --> 00:10:35.360 align:start position:0%
book, Bjarne wrote that the cleaner
00:10:35.360 --> 00:10:37.590 align:start position:0%
book, Bjarne wrote that the cleaner
language<00:10:35.840> he<00:10:36.000> could<00:10:36.360> have<00:10:36.560> built<00:10:37.240> would<00:10:37.400> have
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language he could have built would have
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language he could have built would have
been<00:10:38.040> an<00:10:38.320> unimportant<00:10:39.480> cult<00:10:39.960> language,<00:10:40.880> and
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been an unimportant cult language, and
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been an unimportant cult language, and
he<00:10:41.080> decided<00:10:41.600> that<00:10:41.720> the<00:10:41.880> only<00:10:42.160> way<00:10:42.400> to<00:10:42.560> get<00:10:42.800> a
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he decided that the only way to get a
00:10:42.880 --> 00:10:44.870 align:start position:0%
he decided that the only way to get a
really<00:10:43.240> large<00:10:43.680> amount<00:10:44.040> of<00:10:44.160> existing<00:10:44.640> C
00:10:44.870 --> 00:10:44.880 align:start position:0%
really large amount of existing C
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really large amount of existing C
programmers<00:10:45.480> to<00:10:45.560> try<00:10:45.920> out<00:10:46.160> a<00:10:46.240> new
00:10:46.590 --> 00:10:46.600 align:start position:0%
programmers to try out a new
00:10:46.600 --> 00:10:48.910 align:start position:0%
programmers to try out a new
object-oriented<00:10:47.600> language<00:10:48.400> would<00:10:48.560> be<00:10:48.760> to
00:10:48.910 --> 00:10:48.920 align:start position:0%
object-oriented language would be to
00:10:48.920 --> 00:10:51.150 align:start position:0%
object-oriented language would be to
allow<00:10:49.240> them<00:10:49.440> to<00:10:49.600> compile<00:10:50.200> their<00:10:50.360> existing<00:10:50.880> C
00:10:51.150 --> 00:10:51.160 align:start position:0%
allow them to compile their existing C
00:10:51.160 --> 00:10:55.070 align:start position:0%
allow them to compile their existing C
code<00:10:51.800> directly<00:10:52.320> in<00:10:52.480> C++<00:10:53.440> unchanged.<00:10:54.520> In<00:10:54.680> fact,
00:10:55.070 --> 00:10:55.080 align:start position:0%
code directly in C++ unchanged. In fact,
00:10:55.080 --> 00:10:57.670 align:start position:0%
code directly in C++ unchanged. In fact,
his<00:10:55.280> first<00:10:55.520> compiler,<00:10:56.080> Cfront,<00:10:56.920> wasn't<00:10:57.320> even
00:10:57.670 --> 00:10:57.680 align:start position:0%
his first compiler, Cfront, wasn't even
00:10:57.680 --> 00:10:59.910 align:start position:0%
his first compiler, Cfront, wasn't even
a<00:10:57.920> full<00:10:58.320> compiler<00:10:59.080> in<00:10:59.240> the<00:10:59.400> traditional
00:10:59.910 --> 00:10:59.920 align:start position:0%
a full compiler in the traditional
00:10:59.920 --> 00:11:02.350 align:start position:0%
a full compiler in the traditional
sense.<00:11:00.640> It<00:11:00.839> didn't<00:11:01.240> output<00:11:01.680> machine<00:11:02.080> code
00:11:02.350 --> 00:11:02.360 align:start position:0%
sense. It didn't output machine code
00:11:02.360 --> 00:11:05.670 align:start position:0%
sense. It didn't output machine code
directly.<00:11:03.320> What<00:11:03.480> it<00:11:03.600> did<00:11:04.000> is<00:11:04.320> it<00:11:04.560> took<00:11:05.000> C++
00:11:05.670 --> 00:11:05.680 align:start position:0%
directly. What it did is it took C++
00:11:05.680 --> 00:11:08.190 align:start position:0%
directly. What it did is it took C++
code<00:11:06.000> and<00:11:06.160> translated<00:11:06.800> it<00:11:07.000> over<00:11:07.280> to<00:11:07.480> C<00:11:07.720> code<00:11:08.080> so
00:11:08.190 --> 00:11:08.200 align:start position:0%
code and translated it over to C code so
00:11:08.200 --> 00:11:10.710 align:start position:0%
code and translated it over to C code so
that<00:11:08.720> existing<00:11:09.280> C<00:11:09.480> compilers<00:11:10.240> could<00:11:10.480> then
00:11:10.710 --> 00:11:10.720 align:start position:0%
that existing C compilers could then
00:11:10.720 --> 00:11:13.030 align:start position:0%
that existing C compilers could then
handle<00:11:11.120> the<00:11:11.240> rest<00:11:11.560> of<00:11:11.680> it.<00:11:12.160> But<00:11:12.280> the<00:11:12.440> absolute
00:11:13.030 --> 00:11:13.040 align:start position:0%
handle the rest of it. But the absolute
00:11:13.040 --> 00:11:16.310 align:start position:0%
handle the rest of it. But the absolute
genius<00:11:13.720> of<00:11:13.960> this<00:11:14.360> is<00:11:14.520> that<00:11:14.800> means<00:11:15.280> that<00:11:15.520> C++
00:11:16.310 --> 00:11:16.320 align:start position:0%
genius of this is that means that C++
00:11:16.320 --> 00:11:19.350 align:start position:0%
genius of this is that means that C++
could<00:11:16.560> run<00:11:17.400> wherever<00:11:18.040> C<00:11:18.440> could<00:11:18.640> already<00:11:19.000> run
00:11:19.350 --> 00:11:19.360 align:start position:0%
could run wherever C could already run
00:11:19.360 --> 00:11:21.910 align:start position:0%
could run wherever C could already run
without<00:11:19.839> any<00:11:20.040> kind<00:11:20.320> of<00:11:20.440> porting,<00:11:20.960> and<00:11:21.200> C<00:11:21.520> ran
00:11:21.910 --> 00:11:21.920 align:start position:0%
without any kind of porting, and C ran
00:11:21.920 --> 00:11:24.270 align:start position:0%
without any kind of porting, and C ran
everywhere.<00:11:23.000> What's<00:11:23.160> funny<00:11:23.480> is<00:11:23.600> that<00:11:23.800> Gabriel
00:11:24.270 --> 00:11:24.280 align:start position:0%
everywhere. What's funny is that Gabriel
00:11:24.280 --> 00:11:26.230 align:start position:0%
everywhere. What's funny is that Gabriel
ends<00:11:24.520> up<00:11:24.640> kind<00:11:24.839> of<00:11:24.920> calling<00:11:25.320> out<00:11:25.520> this<00:11:25.800> point
00:11:26.230 --> 00:11:26.240 align:start position:0%
ends up kind of calling out this point
00:11:26.240 --> 00:11:29.190 align:start position:0%
ends up kind of calling out this point
inside<00:11:26.720> of<00:11:26.839> his<00:11:27.120> essay,<00:11:27.560> and<00:11:27.720> he<00:11:27.880> says,<00:11:28.920> "Half
00:11:29.190 --> 00:11:29.200 align:start position:0%
inside of his essay, and he says, "Half
00:11:29.200 --> 00:11:31.390 align:start position:0%
inside of his essay, and he says, "Half
the<00:11:29.320> computers<00:11:29.880> that<00:11:30.000> that<00:11:30.440> at<00:11:30.600> any<00:11:30.800> point<00:11:31.200> are
00:11:31.390 --> 00:11:31.400 align:start position:0%
the computers that that at any point are
00:11:31.400 --> 00:11:33.630 align:start position:0%
the computers that that at any point are
worse<00:11:31.760> than<00:11:31.880> the<00:11:32.000> median,<00:11:32.840> smaller<00:11:33.440> or
00:11:33.630 --> 00:11:33.640 align:start position:0%
worse than the median, smaller or
00:11:33.640 --> 00:11:36.190 align:start position:0%
worse than the median, smaller or
slower.<00:11:34.360> Unix<00:11:34.840> and<00:11:34.960> C<00:11:35.240> work<00:11:35.480> fine<00:11:35.800> on<00:11:35.920> them,
00:11:36.190 --> 00:11:36.200 align:start position:0%
slower. Unix and C work fine on them,
00:11:36.200 --> 00:11:38.910 align:start position:0%
slower. Unix and C work fine on them,
which<00:11:36.400> means<00:11:36.680> Unix<00:11:37.040> and<00:11:37.200> C<00:11:37.520> are<00:11:37.720> easy<00:11:37.920> to<00:11:38.040> port,
00:11:38.910 --> 00:11:38.920 align:start position:0%
which means Unix and C are easy to port,
00:11:38.920 --> 00:11:41.710 align:start position:0%
which means Unix and C are easy to port,
which<00:11:39.120> means<00:11:39.800> that<00:11:40.000> C++<00:11:40.880> is<00:11:41.040> the<00:11:41.240> ultimate
00:11:41.710 --> 00:11:41.720 align:start position:0%
which means that C++ is the ultimate
00:11:41.720 --> 00:11:44.150 align:start position:0%
which means that C++ is the ultimate
virus.<00:11:42.480> Meanwhile,<00:11:43.000> 3,000<00:11:43.520> mi<00:11:43.800> away<00:11:44.040> in
00:11:44.150 --> 00:11:44.160 align:start position:0%
virus. Meanwhile, 3,000 mi away in
00:11:44.160 --> 00:11:46.270 align:start position:0%
virus. Meanwhile, 3,000 mi away in
California,<00:11:45.280> Gabriel's<00:11:45.760> working<00:11:46.080> on<00:11:46.200> the
00:11:46.270 --> 00:11:46.280 align:start position:0%
California, Gabriel's working on the
00:11:46.280 --> 00:11:48.590 align:start position:0%
California, Gabriel's working on the
committee<00:11:46.680> for<00:11:47.000> object-orientation<00:11:48.360> in
00:11:48.590 --> 00:11:48.600 align:start position:0%
committee for object-orientation in
00:11:48.600 --> 00:11:51.910 align:start position:0%
committee for object-orientation in
Lisp,<00:11:49.400> and<00:11:50.160> almost<00:11:50.640> nobody<00:11:51.160> ends<00:11:51.360> up<00:11:51.560> using
00:11:51.910 --> 00:11:51.920 align:start position:0%
Lisp, and almost nobody ends up using
00:11:51.920 --> 00:11:54.230 align:start position:0%
Lisp, and almost nobody ends up using
it.<00:11:52.400> Now,<00:11:52.560> Gabriel<00:11:53.040> understood<00:11:53.680> the<00:11:53.880> hardware
00:11:54.230 --> 00:11:54.240 align:start position:0%
it. Now, Gabriel understood the hardware
00:11:54.240 --> 00:11:56.430 align:start position:0%
it. Now, Gabriel understood the hardware
problem<00:11:54.840> really<00:11:55.120> well<00:11:55.440> because,<00:11:56.160> if<00:11:56.320> you
00:11:56.430 --> 00:11:56.440 align:start position:0%
problem really well because, if you
00:11:56.440 --> 00:11:59.310 align:start position:0%
problem really well because, if you
remember<00:11:56.880> with<00:11:57.080> his<00:11:57.240> company<00:11:57.720> Lucid,<00:11:58.600> his<00:11:58.880> job
00:11:59.310 --> 00:11:59.320 align:start position:0%
remember with his company Lucid, his job
00:11:59.320 --> 00:12:02.030 align:start position:0%
remember with his company Lucid, his job
was<00:11:59.480> basically<00:12:00.080> to<00:12:00.280> take<00:12:00.960> Lisp<00:12:01.520> and<00:12:01.680> make<00:12:01.840> it
00:12:02.030 --> 00:12:02.040 align:start position:0%
was basically to take Lisp and make it
00:12:02.040 --> 00:12:04.590 align:start position:0%
was basically to take Lisp and make it
run<00:12:02.400> on<00:12:02.680> cheap<00:12:03.080> Sun<00:12:03.400> workstations<00:12:04.320> rather
00:12:04.590 --> 00:12:04.600 align:start position:0%
run on cheap Sun workstations rather
00:12:04.600 --> 00:12:06.910 align:start position:0%
run on cheap Sun workstations rather
than,<00:12:05.120> you<00:12:05.200> know,<00:12:05.320> $70,000
00:12:06.910 --> 00:12:06.920 align:start position:0%
than, you know, $70,000
00:12:06.920 --> 00:12:09.030 align:start position:0%
than, you know, $70,000
Lisp<00:12:07.280> machines.<00:12:08.040> But,<00:12:08.200> it<00:12:08.280> wasn't<00:12:08.520> enough.
00:12:09.030 --> 00:12:09.040 align:start position:0%
Lisp machines. But, it wasn't enough.
00:12:09.040 --> 00:12:11.550 align:start position:0%
Lisp machines. But, it wasn't enough.
Even<00:12:09.320> cheap<00:12:09.720> Lisp<00:12:10.120> was<00:12:10.400> too<00:12:10.560> much<00:12:10.800> of<00:12:10.880> an<00:12:11.080> ask
00:12:11.550 --> 00:12:11.560 align:start position:0%
Even cheap Lisp was too much of an ask
00:12:11.560 --> 00:12:14.230 align:start position:0%
Even cheap Lisp was too much of an ask
for<00:12:11.760> everybody<00:12:12.280> so<00:12:12.640> far<00:12:13.120> entrenched<00:12:13.800> inside
00:12:14.230 --> 00:12:14.240 align:start position:0%
for everybody so far entrenched inside
00:12:14.240 --> 00:12:17.470 align:start position:0%
for everybody so far entrenched inside
of<00:12:14.360> the<00:12:14.480> C<00:12:14.800> mindset.<00:12:15.880> And,<00:12:16.400> in<00:12:16.600> the<00:12:16.800> craziest
00:12:17.470 --> 00:12:17.480 align:start position:0%
of the C mindset. And, in the craziest
00:12:17.480 --> 00:12:20.190 align:start position:0%
of the C mindset. And, in the craziest
twist<00:12:17.760> of<00:12:17.920> fate<00:12:18.200> ever,<00:12:18.840> his<00:12:19.080> company<00:12:19.680> Lucid
00:12:20.190 --> 00:12:20.200 align:start position:0%
twist of fate ever, his company Lucid
00:12:20.200 --> 00:12:23.230 align:start position:0%
twist of fate ever, his company Lucid
actually<00:12:20.680> ended<00:12:20.960> up<00:12:21.120> writing<00:12:21.440> an<00:12:21.640> IDE<00:12:22.200> for<00:12:22.440> C++
00:12:23.230 --> 00:12:23.240 align:start position:0%
actually ended up writing an IDE for C++
00:12:23.240 --> 00:12:25.430 align:start position:0%
actually ended up writing an IDE for C++
called<00:12:23.680> Energize<00:12:24.560> just<00:12:24.760> to<00:12:24.840> keep<00:12:24.960> the<00:12:25.080> lights
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called Energize just to keep the lights
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called Energize just to keep the lights
on.<00:12:25.800> You've<00:12:25.920> got<00:12:26.240> the<00:12:26.480> man<00:12:26.880> writing<00:12:27.200> the<00:12:27.360> essay
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on. You've got the man writing the essay
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on. You've got the man writing the essay
on<00:12:28.040> why<00:12:28.360> the<00:12:28.520> worst<00:12:28.920> thing<00:12:29.280> always<00:12:29.680> wins
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on why the worst thing always wins
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on why the worst thing always wins
working<00:12:30.840> at<00:12:30.960> a<00:12:31.000> company<00:12:31.480> now<00:12:31.760> that<00:12:31.960> is
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working at a company now that is
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working at a company now that is
shipping<00:12:32.560> out<00:12:32.960> the<00:12:33.160> worst<00:12:33.560> thing<00:12:34.280> just<00:12:34.560> to
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shipping out the worst thing just to
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shipping out the worst thing just to
stay<00:12:35.160> afloat.<00:12:36.040> And,<00:12:36.120> this<00:12:36.240> is<00:12:36.360> all<00:12:36.520> because<00:12:37.000> of
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stay afloat. And, this is all because of
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stay afloat. And, this is all because of
some<00:12:37.600> decision<00:12:38.160> that<00:12:38.320> another<00:12:38.680> guy<00:12:39.480> made<00:12:40.000> at<00:12:40.160> a
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some decision that another guy made at a
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some decision that another guy made at a
lab<00:12:40.680> in<00:12:40.839> New<00:12:41.000> Jersey.<00:12:41.800> So,<00:12:41.960> yeah.<00:12:42.839> C++<00:12:43.400> won
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lab in New Jersey. So, yeah. C++ won
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lab in New Jersey. So, yeah. C++ won
because<00:12:44.160> of<00:12:44.240> New<00:12:44.400> Jersey.<00:12:45.000> If<00:12:45.080> you<00:12:45.200> asked
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because of New Jersey. If you asked
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because of New Jersey. If you asked
Gabriel<00:12:45.920> what<00:12:46.080> his<00:12:46.240> official<00:12:46.640> stance<00:12:47.080> is
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Gabriel what his official stance is
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Gabriel what his official stance is
right<00:12:47.600> now<00:12:48.000> in<00:12:48.240> 2026,<00:12:49.400> I'm<00:12:49.560> actually<00:12:50.000> not
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right now in 2026, I'm actually not
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right now in 2026, I'm actually not
really<00:12:50.960> certain<00:12:51.520> what<00:12:51.720> he<00:12:51.839> would<00:12:52.040> say<00:12:52.320> because
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really certain what he would say because
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really certain what he would say because
he<00:12:52.680> never<00:12:52.960> really<00:12:53.240> officially<00:12:54.240> decided<00:12:55.040> on
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he never really officially decided on
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he never really officially decided on
his<00:12:55.480> previous<00:12:56.000> stances.<00:12:56.960> You've<00:12:57.120> got<00:12:57.400> his
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his previous stances. You've got his
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his previous stances. You've got his
second<00:12:57.960> essay<00:12:58.320> written<00:12:58.600> under<00:12:58.839> a<00:12:58.920> fake<00:12:59.240> name,
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second essay written under a fake name,
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second essay written under a fake name,
his<00:13:00.040> third<00:13:00.440> essay<00:13:00.839> arguing<00:13:01.320> the<00:13:01.440> previous<00:13:01.839> two
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his third essay arguing the previous two
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his third essay arguing the previous two
essays<00:13:02.440> that<00:13:02.600> he<00:13:02.760> created,<00:13:03.760> and<00:13:03.880> then<00:13:04.040> a
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essays that he created, and then a
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essays that he created, and then a
fourth<00:13:04.520> essay<00:13:04.960> came<00:13:05.240> out<00:13:05.440> in<00:13:05.640> 2000<00:13:06.800> where<00:13:06.960> he
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fourth essay came out in 2000 where he
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fourth essay came out in 2000 where he
decided<00:13:07.720> that<00:13:07.920> maybe<00:13:08.320> the<00:13:08.640> quote-unquote
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decided that maybe the quote-unquote
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decided that maybe the quote-unquote
right<00:13:09.680> thing<00:13:10.400> was<00:13:10.520> the<00:13:10.640> correct<00:13:11.040> decision<00:13:11.560> all
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right thing was the correct decision all
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right thing was the correct decision all
along.<00:13:12.520> I<00:13:12.600> also<00:13:12.800> highly<00:13:13.080> encourage<00:13:13.520> you<00:13:13.600> to
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along. I also highly encourage you to
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along. I also highly encourage you to
read<00:13:14.160> his<00:13:14.320> papers<00:13:14.920> on<00:13:15.080> dreamsongs.com.
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read his papers on dreamsongs.com.
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read his papers on dreamsongs.com.
He's<00:13:16.880> also<00:13:17.240> a<00:13:17.480> highly<00:13:17.920> accomplished<00:13:18.560> poet<00:13:18.960> and
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He's also a highly accomplished poet and
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He's also a highly accomplished poet and
writer<00:13:19.480> as<00:13:19.640> well.<00:13:20.080> For<00:13:20.200> what<00:13:20.360> it's<00:13:20.480> worth,
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writer as well. For what it's worth,
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writer as well. For what it's worth,
Bjarne<00:13:21.240> has<00:13:21.480> said<00:13:21.680> before<00:13:22.200> that<00:13:22.360> there<00:13:22.480> are
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Bjarne has said before that there are
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Bjarne has said before that there are
two<00:13:22.839> kinds<00:13:23.120> of<00:13:23.240> programming<00:13:23.720> languages<00:13:24.200> in
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two kinds of programming languages in
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two kinds of programming languages in
the<00:13:24.400> world,<00:13:25.200> the<00:13:25.320> ones<00:13:25.640> that<00:13:25.760> people<00:13:26.040> complain
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the world, the ones that people complain
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the world, the ones that people complain
about<00:13:26.920> and<00:13:27.040> the<00:13:27.200> ones<00:13:27.520> that<00:13:27.680> nobody<00:13:28.120> uses,
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about and the ones that nobody uses,
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about and the ones that nobody uses,
which<00:13:29.160> is<00:13:29.280> kind<00:13:29.560> of<00:13:29.680> like<00:13:29.960> the<00:13:30.120> entirety<00:13:30.920> of
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which is kind of like the entirety of
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which is kind of like the entirety of
Gabriel's<00:13:31.720> essay<00:13:32.120> summed<00:13:32.520> up<00:13:32.760> by<00:13:33.000> the<00:13:33.240> man<00:13:33.640> who
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Gabriel's essay summed up by the man who
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Gabriel's essay summed up by the man who
ended<00:13:34.160> up<00:13:34.360> winning.<00:13:35.120> And<00:13:35.240> it<00:13:35.400> is<00:13:35.680> kind<00:13:36.120> of<00:13:36.280> a
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ended up winning. And it is kind of a
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ended up winning. And it is kind of a
tricky<00:13:36.800> problem.<00:13:37.800> If<00:13:37.920> I<00:13:38.000> think<00:13:38.280> back<00:13:38.640> about
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tricky problem. If I think back about
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tricky problem. If I think back about
that<00:13:39.120> dirt<00:13:39.400> path<00:13:39.720> that<00:13:39.880> I<00:13:39.960> cut<00:13:40.240> through<00:13:40.640> on<00:13:40.760> my
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that dirt path that I cut through on my
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that dirt path that I cut through on my
way<00:13:41.120> home,<00:13:42.040> I'm<00:13:42.160> not<00:13:42.320> sure<00:13:42.480> who's<00:13:42.720> winning
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way home, I'm not sure who's winning
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way home, I'm not sure who's winning
either.<00:13:43.640> If<00:13:43.800> you<00:13:43.880> like<00:13:44.040> this<00:13:44.200> kind<00:13:44.440> of
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either. If you like this kind of
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either. If you like this kind of
content,<00:13:45.080> don't<00:13:45.320> forget<00:13:45.560> to<00:13:45.680> subscribe,
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content, don't forget to subscribe,
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content, don't forget to subscribe,
>> [music]
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>> [music]
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>> [music]
>> and<00:13:46.840> think<00:13:47.040> about<00:13:47.360> it.<00:13:47.480> Whose<00:13:47.800> side<00:13:48.200> are<00:13:48.360> you
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>> and think about it. Whose side are you
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>> and think about it. Whose side are you
on?<00:13:48.880> Do<00:13:49.000> you<00:13:49.200> believe<00:13:49.640> that<00:13:49.800> the<00:13:49.960> worst<00:13:50.320> option
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on? Do you believe that the worst option
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on? Do you believe that the worst option
is<00:13:50.960> the<00:13:51.120> better<00:13:51.480> option,<00:13:52.240> or<00:13:52.360> do<00:13:52.440> you<00:13:52.560> think
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is the better option, or do you think
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is the better option, or do you think
that<00:13:52.960> the<00:13:53.120> right<00:13:53.600> option<00:13:54.160> is<00:13:54.480> the<00:13:54.640> best
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that the right option is the best
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that the right option is the best
decision?<00:13:55.140> [music]
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decision? [music]
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decision? [music]
Thanks<00:13:56.360> so<00:13:56.440> much<00:13:56.600> for<00:13:56.720> watching<00:13:57.040> everyone.
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Thanks so much for watching everyone.
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Thanks so much for watching everyone.
Lori<00:13:58.080> Wired<00:13:58.400> out.