Red Bull - Wikipedia (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (//upload.wikimedia.org) (/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png) (/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico) (/w/rest.php/v1/search) (Wikipedia (en)) (//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en) (Wikipedia Atom feed) (/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom) (//meta.wikimedia.org) (auth.wikimedia.org)   Jump to content (Main menu)  Main menu  Main menu move to sidebar hide  Navigation  (/wiki/Main_Page) (Visit the main page [z]) Main page   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents) (Guides to browsing Wikipedia) Contents   (/wiki/Portal:Current_events) (Articles related to current events) Current events   (/wiki/Special:Random) (Visit a randomly selected article [x]) Random article   (/wiki/Wikipedia:About) (Learn about Wikipedia and how it works) About Wikipedia   (//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us) (How to contact Wikipedia) Contact us      Contribute  (/wiki/Help:Contents) (Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia) Help   (/wiki/Help:Introduction) (Learn how to edit Wikipedia) Learn to edit   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal) (The hub for editors) Community portal   (/wiki/Special:RecentChanges) (A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]) Recent changes   (/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard) (Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia) Upload file   (/wiki/Special:SpecialPages) Special pages           (/wiki/Main_Page) () (Wikipedia) (The Free Encyclopedia)    (/wiki/Special:Search) (Search Wikipedia [f])  Search  (Search Wikipedia) (Search Wikipedia [f])   (Special:Search)  Search           (Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color)  Appearance         (https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) Donate   (/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Red+Bull) (You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory) Create account   (/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Red+Bull) (You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o])  Log in                  Contents move to sidebar hide  (Top)   1 History     2 Ingredients    Toggle Ingredients subsection  2.1 Caffeine content       3 Variants    Toggle Variants subsection  3.1 Other products       4 Legal affairs    Toggle Legal affairs subsection  4.1 Regulatory approval     4.2 Litigation       5 References     6 External links           (Table of Contents)  Toggle the table of contents      Red Bull   60 languages  (https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull) (Red Bull – Afrikaans) Afrikaans   (https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84) (ريد بل – Arabic) العربية   (https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull) (Red Bull – Asturian) Asturianu   (https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull) (Red Bull – Azerbaijani) Azərbaycanca   (https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B9)) (Red Bull (напой) – Belarusian) Беларуская   (https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB) (Ред Бул – Bulgarian) Български   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(Page semi-protected)      From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia     Brand of energy drinks This article is about the energy drink. For its distributor, see (/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH) (Red Bull GmbH) Red Bull GmbH . For the original drink and Asian variants, see (/wiki/Krating_Daeng) (Krating Daeng) Krating Daeng . For other uses, see (/wiki/Red_Bull_(disambiguation)) (Red Bull (disambiguation)) Red Bull (disambiguation) .  Red Bull Energy Drink (/wiki/File:RedBullEnergyDrink.svg)     (/wiki/File:12oz_can_of_Red_Bull_energy_drink.png)   12 fl oz (355 ml) can of Red Bull Energy Drink as sold in the United States   Type (/wiki/Energy_drink) (Energy drink) Energy drink   Manufacturer (/wiki/Rauch_(company)) (Rauch (company)) Rauch Fruchtsäfte [ 1]     Distributor (/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH) (Red Bull GmbH) Red Bull GmbH   Origin  Austria, (/wiki/Fuschl_am_See) (Fuschl am See) Fuschl am See , Salzburg   Introduced 1 April 1987; 38 years ago (1987-04-01 )   Colour Yellow  Ingredients (/wiki/Caffeine) (Caffeine) Caffeine , (/wiki/Taurine) (Taurine) taurine ,[ 2]   [ 3]   (/wiki/Glucuronolactone) (Glucuronolactone) glucuronolactone ,[ 4]   [ 5]   [ 6]   (/wiki/Sucrose) (Sucrose) sucrose and (/wiki/Glucose) (Glucose) glucose , (/wiki/B_vitamins) (B vitamins) B-group vitamins , and water  Variants Red Bull SugarfreeRed Bull Total ZeroRed Bull ZeroRed Bull Energy Shot(/wiki/Red_Bull_Editions) (Red Bull Editions) Red Bull Editions   Related products (/wiki/Krating_Daeng#Relation_to_Red_Bull) (Krating Daeng) Krating Daeng (/wiki/Red_Bull_Simply_Cola) (Red Bull Simply Cola) Red Bull Simply Cola (/wiki/Organics_by_Red_Bull) (Organics by Red Bull) Organics by Red Bull   Website (https://www.redbull.com/int-en/energydrink/red-bull-energy-drink) redbull.com      Red Bull is a brand of (/wiki/Energy_drink) (Energy drink) energy drinks created and owned by the Austrian company (/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH) (Red Bull GmbH) Red Bull GmbH . With a market share of 43%, it is the most popular energy drink brand as of 2020,[ 7]   and the third most valuable (/wiki/Soft_drink) (Soft drink) soft drink brand, behind (/wiki/Coca-Cola) (Coca-Cola) Coca-Cola and (/wiki/Pepsi) (Pepsi) Pepsi .[ 8]   Since its launch in 1987, more than 100 billion cans of Red Bull have been sold worldwide,[ 9]   including over 12.6 billion in 2024.[ 10]    Originally available only in a single undistinguished flavour sold in a tall and slim silver and blue can, called Red Bull Energy Drink , the drink added numerous variants over time. Rather than following a traditional marketing approach, Red Bull has generated awareness and created a "brand myth"[ 11]   [ 12]   through proprietary (/wiki/Extreme_sport) (Extreme sport) extreme sport event series such as (/wiki/Red_Bull_Cliff_Diving_World_Series) (Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series) Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series , (/wiki/Red_Bull_Air_Race) (Red Bull Air Race) Red Bull Air Race , and (/wiki/Crashed_Ice) (Crashed Ice) Red Bull Crashed Ice , as well as standout stunts like the (/wiki/Red_Bull_Stratos) (Red Bull Stratos) Red Bull Stratos space diving project.[ 13]   In addition to sport series, its marketing includes multiple sports team ownerships, (/wiki/Celebrity_branding) (Celebrity branding) celebrity endorsements , and music through its (/wiki/Red_Bull_Records) (Red Bull Records) Red Bull Records label.[ 14]    Red Bull was derived from a similar drink called (/wiki/Krating_Daeng) (Krating Daeng) Krating Daeng which originated in Thailand and was introduced by (/wiki/Chaleo_Yoovidhya) (Chaleo Yoovidhya) Chaleo Yoovidhya .[ 15]   While doing business in Thailand, Austrian entrepreneur (/wiki/Dietrich_Mateschitz) (Dietrich Mateschitz) Dietrich Mateschitz purchased a can of Krating Daeng and claimed it cured his (/wiki/Jet_lag) (Jet lag) jet lag . Mateschitz sought to create a partnership with Chaleo and formulated a product that would suit the tastes of Westerners, such as by carbonating the drink.[ 16]   In 1984, the two founded Red Bull GmbH in (/wiki/Fuschl_am_See) (Fuschl am See) Fuschl am See , Salzburg, Austria.[ 17]   When branding their product, Mateschitz referenced Krating Daeng's name: in Thai, daeng means red, and a krating (known in English as a (/wiki/Gaur) (Gaur) gaur ) is a large species of wild (/wiki/Bovine) (Bovine) bovine native to the (/wiki/Indian_subcontinent) (Indian subcontinent) Indian subcontinent . Red Bull and Krating Daeng use the same red bull on yellow sun logo while continuing to market their drinks separately in the Thai and Western markets.  History  (/wiki/File:Red_Bull_near_Potala_Palace.jpg)  A large can of the Chinese version of Red Bull stands in front of the (/wiki/Potala_Palace) (Potala Palace) Potala Palace in Tibet.  In 1976, Thai entrepreneur (/wiki/Chaleo_Yoovidhya) (Chaleo Yoovidhya) Chaleo Yoovidhya introduced a drink called (/wiki/Krating_Daeng) (Krating Daeng) Krating Daeng in Thailand,[ 18]   which means "red (/wiki/Gaur) (Gaur) gaur " in English. It was popular among Thai truck drivers and labourers. While working for German manufacturer (/wiki/Blendax) (Blendax) Blendax (later acquired by (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) (Procter & Gamble) Procter & Gamble ) in 1982, (/wiki/Dietrich_Mateschitz) (Dietrich Mateschitz) Dietrich Mateschitz travelled to Thailand and met Chaleo, owner of T.C. Pharmaceutical. During his visit, Mateschitz discovered that Krating Daeng helped cure his (/wiki/Jet_lag) (Jet lag) jet lag .[ 19]   In 1984, Mateschitz co-founded (/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH) (Red Bull GmbH) Red Bull GmbH with Chaleo and turned it into an international brand. Each partner invested US$500,000 of savings to fund the company. Chaleo and Mateschitz each held a 49 percent share of the new company. They gave the remaining two percent to Chaleo's son, (/wiki/Chalerm_Yoovidhya) (Chalerm Yoovidhya) Chalerm , but it was agreed that Mateschitz would run the company.[ 20]   The product was first launched in Austria on 1 April 1987.[ 21]    In Thailand, (/wiki/Energy_drink) (Energy drink) energy drinks are most popular with (/wiki/Blue-collar_worker) (Blue-collar worker) blue-collar workers . Red Bull re-positioned the drink as a trendy, upscale drink, first introducing it at Austrian (/wiki/Ski_resort) (Ski resort) ski resorts .[ 22]   Pricing was a key differentiator, with Red Bull positioned as a (/wiki/Premium_pricing) (Premium pricing) premium drink[ 23]   [ 24]   and Krating Daeng as a lower cost item.[ 25]   In many countries, both drinks are available, dominating each end of the price spectrum.[ 22]   The flavouring used for Red Bull is still produced in (/wiki/Bangkok) (Bangkok) Bangkok and exported worldwide.[ 22]    During the 1990s, the product expanded into Hungary, Slovenia, Germany, the Czech Republic, Croatia, the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States.[ 26]   It entered Germany and the UK in 1994, the United States (via California) in 1996,[ 27]   the (/wiki/Middle_East) (Middle East) Middle East in 2000 and the Philippines in 2012.[ 26]   In 2008, (/wiki/Forbes) (Forbes) Forbes  magazine listed both Chaleo and Mateschitz as the 250th richest people in the world with an estimated net worth of US$4 billion.[ 28]   [ 29]    Red Bull GmbH is headquartered in (/wiki/Fuschl_am_See) (Fuschl am See) Fuschl am See , an Austrian village of about 1,500 inhabitants near (/wiki/Salzburg) (Salzburg) Salzburg . The company is 51 percent controlled by the Yoovidhya family who, for technical reasons, own the trademark in Europe and the US.[ 22]   Claims about the drink's effects and performance have been challenged on various occasions, with the UK's (/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)) (Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)) Advertising Standards Authority imposing advertising restrictions in 2001 in response to complaints recorded as early as 1997.[ 30]    Ingredients  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1316064257) Nutritional value per 250 (/wiki/Milliliter) (Milliliter) ml (8.4 (/wiki/Fl_oz) (Fl oz) fl oz )  (/wiki/Food_energy) (Food energy) Energy  460 kJ (110 kcal)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1316064257)   (/wiki/Carbohydrate) (Carbohydrate) Carbohydrates    29   (/wiki/Sugar) (Sugar) Sugars  27  (/wiki/Dietary_fiber) (Dietary fiber) Dietary fibre  0    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1316064257)   (/wiki/Fat) (Fat) Fat    0   (/wiki/Saturated_fat) (Saturated fat) Saturated  0    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1316064257)   (/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)) (Protein (nutrient)) Protein    0   Vitamins and minerals     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1316064257)   (/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)) (Mineral (nutrient)) Minerals   Quantity (Percentage of Daily Value) %DV  †    (/wiki/Sodium_in_biology) (Sodium in biology) Sodium  5% 105 mg        † Percentages estimated using (/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values) (Reference Daily Intake) US recommendations for adults.[ 32]   Source: [ 31]       Depending on the country, Red Bull contains different amounts of (/wiki/Caffeine) (Caffeine) caffeine , (/wiki/Taurine) (Taurine) taurine , (/wiki/B_vitamins) (B vitamins) B vitamins ((/wiki/Riboflavin) (Riboflavin) B2 , (/wiki/Vitamin_B3) (Vitamin B3) B3 , (/wiki/Pantothenic_acid) (Pantothenic acid) B5 , (/wiki/Vitamin_B6) (Vitamin B6) B6 , and (/wiki/Vitamin_B12) (Vitamin B12) B12 ), (/wiki/Glucuronolactone) (Glucuronolactone) glucuronolactone [ 33]   and (/wiki/Monosaccharide) (Monosaccharide) simple sugars ((/wiki/Sucrose) (Sucrose) sucrose and (/wiki/Glucose) (Glucose) glucose ) in a (/wiki/Buffer_solution) (Buffer solution) buffer solution of (/wiki/Carbonated_water) (Carbonated water) carbonated water , (/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate) (Sodium bicarbonate) sodium bicarbonate and (/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate) (Magnesium carbonate) magnesium carbonate (substituted in some flavours with a (/wiki/Trisodium_citrate) (Trisodium citrate) trisodium citrate /(/wiki/Citric_acid) (Citric acid) citric acid buffer, each solution providing (/wiki/Electrolyte) (Electrolyte) electrolytes ).[ 34]   [ 35]   To produce Red Bull Sugarfree, sucrose and glucose have been replaced by (/wiki/Sugar_substitute) (Sugar substitute) artificial sweeteners (/wiki/Acesulfame_potassium) (Acesulfame potassium) acesulfame K and (/wiki/Aspartame) (Aspartame) aspartame or (/wiki/Sucralose) (Sucralose) sucralose .[ 36]    Caffeine content  The (/wiki/Caffeine) (Caffeine) caffeine content of a single 250 ml can of Red Bull is approximately 40–80 mg / 250 ml (15–32 mg / 100 ml).[ 37]   [ 38]   [ 31]   The caffeine level in Red Bull varies depending on the country, as some countries have legal restrictions on how much caffeine is allowed in drinks. As is the case with other caffeinated beverages, Red Bull drinkers may experience (/wiki/Energy_drink#Health_problems) (Energy drink) adverse effects as a result of overuse. Excessive consumption may induce mild to moderate euphoria primarily caused by stimulant properties of caffeine and may also induce agitation, anxiety, irritability, and insomnia.[ 39]   [ 40]   [ 41]    Variants  Over the years, Red Bull has offered many variations of its drink, all based on the same formula, but differing in taste and colour.[ 42]   Red Bull began offering variations of its drinks in 2003. A sugar-free version of the drink was introduced with a different flavour from the original, called Red Bull Sugarfree.[ 43]   In 2012, Red Bull released Red Bull Total Zero, a variant with zero calories.[ 44]   In 2018, the company released Red Bull Zero, a different sugar-free formulation designed to taste more like the original flavour.[ 45]    In 2009, Red Bull unveiled a highly concentrated variant of its drink called Red Bull (/wiki/Energy_shot) (Energy shot) Energy Shot ,[ 46]   supplied in 2 oz (60 ml) cans.[ 47]   The company began expanding its flavour offerings in 2013 with the launch of Red Bull Editions. Initially available in cranberry, blueberry, and lime,[ 48]   the Editions line has expanded to include a variety of flavours. Some of these flavours are only available during specific seasons or in certain regions.[ 49]   [ 50]   Currently, a blue (blueberry), peach (peach-nectarine), winter (iced vanilla berry), sea blue (juneberry) and red (watermelon) are offered.[ 51]    (/wiki/File:Red_Bull_Special_Editions.jpg)  The original three flavoured Editions: red (cranberry), blue (blueberry) and silver (dry lime). Silver has since been discontinued, and red reformulated to a watermelon flavour.  Other products  Red Bull released a (/wiki/Cola) (Cola) cola drink, called (/wiki/Red_Bull_Simply_Cola) (Red Bull Simply Cola) Simply Cola , in 2008. A new version of the cola was released in 2019, as part of Red Bull's Organics line. In 2018, the company launched Organics by Red Bull, a line of (/wiki/Organic_food) (Organic food) organic sodas with four flavours; bitter lemon, ginger ale, tonic water, and a new version of Red Bull Simply Cola.[ 52]    Legal affairs  Regulatory approval  Authorities in France, Denmark, and Norway initially did not permit the sale of Red Bull.[ 53]   As of 2021(https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Bull&action=edit) [update]  , it is on sale in all 27 (/wiki/Member_states_of_the_European_Union) (Member states of the European Union) member states of the European Union and 171 countries worldwide.[ 54]   [ 55]   The French food safety agency was concerned about (/wiki/Taurine) (Taurine) taurine ; a Red Bull drink that did not contain taurine was introduced. The French refusal of market approval was challenged by the European Commission, and partially upheld by the (/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice) (European Court of Justice) European Court of Justice in 2004.[ 53]   The French food safety agency relented in 2008 because it was unable to prove a definite health risk.[ 56]    Litigation  In 2013, Red Bull told the Redwell Brewery, a (/wiki/Norfolk) (Norfolk) Norfolk -based (/wiki/Micro_brewery) (Micro brewery) micro brewery , to change its name or face legal action, because it sounded too similar to Red Bull. The eight-man brewery in (/wiki/Norwich) (Norwich) Norwich was told its name could "confuse" customers and "tarnish" its trademark.[ 57]   The two companies reached a settlement permitting Redwell to continue using its name.[ 58]    In 2014, Red Bull entered into a US$13 million settlement to resolve two consumer class action lawsuits in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.[ 59]   Named as plaintiffs were Benjamin Careathers, David Wolf, and Miguel Almarez,[ 60]   who had sued the company claiming breach of express warranty and unjust enrichment, saying that Red Bull falsely asserted performance-enhancing benefits from the drink's ingredients which were unsubstantiated by scientific studies.[ 61]   On 1 May 2015, the Court approved the settlement, giving customers who had submitted claims the opportunity to receive a US$10 cash reimbursement, or US$15 in Red Bull products,[ 62]   within 150 days of affirmance on any appeal.[ 63]   Contrary to reports from some news outlets, the plaintiffs had not alleged that the drink did not give consumers actual wings.[ 64]    References  ^   (https://vbgv1.orf.at/stories/482929) "Red Bull steht zu Rauch als Hauptabfüllpartner" . vorarlberg . 21 November 2010. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Drink+Red+Bull%3F+You+may+have+%2410+coming+to+you&rft.date=2014-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fdrink-red-bull-you-may-have-10-coming-to-you%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Bull)    ^   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222) (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-29550003) "So Red Bull doesn't actually 'give you wings' " . Bbc.co.uk. 9 October 2014. (https://web.archive.org/web/20141012022714/http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/29550003) Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=So+Red+Bull+doesn%27t+actually+%27give+you+wings%27&rft.pub=Bbc.co.uk&rft.date=2014-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewsbeat-29550003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+Bull)    ^   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222) O’Reilly, Laura (8 October 2014). (https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/red-bulls-wings/) "Fact check: Red Bull does (not) give you wings" . (/wiki/Snopes) (Snopes) Snopes . (https://web.archive.org/web/20211230073746/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/red-bulls-wings/) Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2018 . 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