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                    "How to Make Sense of Any Mess (/assets/favicon.ico) (/assets/css/main.css)  HOW TO MAKE SENSE OF ANY MESS  (http://www.abbytheia.com) by Abby Covert   (/) Table of Contents  (/indexed-lexicon/) Indexed Lexicon  (/resources/) IA Resources  (https://abbycovert.com/make-sense/) Buy the Book    (Search Site)    Front Matter (/dedication/) Dedication  (/about/) About this book  (/introduction/) Introduction  (/acknowledgements/) Acknowledgements  (/chapter/1/identify-the-mess/) Chapter 1: Identify the Mess  (/chapter/1/page/5/messes-are-made-of-information-and-people/) Messes are made of information and people.  (/chapter/1/page/6/its-hard-to-shine-a-light-on-the-messes-we-face/) It\u2019s hard to shine a light on the messes we face.  (/chapter/1/page/7/information-architecture-is-all-around-you/) Information architecture is all around you.  (/chapter/1/page/8/things-may-change-the-messes-stay-the-same/) Things may change; the messes stay the same.  (/chapter/1/page/9/people-architect-information/) People architect information.  (/chapter/1/page/10/every-thing-is-complex/) Every thing is complex.  (/chapter/1/page/11/knowledge-is-complex/) Knowledge is complex.  (/chapter/1/page/12/every-thing-has-information/) Every thing has information.  (/chapter/1/page/13/whats-information/) What\u2019s information?  (/chapter/1/page/14/information-is-not-data-or-content/) Information is not data or content.  (/chapter/1/page/15/information-is-architected-to-serve-different-need/) Information is architected to serve different needs.  (/chapter/1/page/16/users-are-complex/) Users are complex.  (/chapter/1/page/17/stakeholders-are-complex/) Stakeholders are complex.  (/chapter/1/page/18/to-do-is-to-know/) To do is to know.  (/chapter/1/page/19/meet-carl/) Meet Carl.  (/chapter/1/page/20/its-your-turn/) It\u2019s your turn.  (/chapter/1/page/21/draw-your-mess/) Draw your mess.  (/chapter/2/state-your-intent/) Chapter 2: State your Intent  (/chapter/2/page/22/intent-is-language/) Intent is language.  (/chapter/2/page/23/what-is-good/) What is good ?  (/chapter/2/page/24/good-is-in-the-eye-of-the-beholder/) Good is in the eye of the beholder.  (/chapter/2/page/25/looking-good-versus-being-good/) Looking good versus being good.  (/chapter/2/page/26/meaning-can-get-lost-in-translation/) Meaning can get lost in translation.  (/chapter/2/page/27/who-matters/) Who matters?  (/chapter/2/page/28/start-with-why/) Start with why .  (/chapter/2/page/29/what-before-how/) What before how .  (/chapter/2/page/30/how-varies-widely/) How varies widely.  (/chapter/2/page/31/why-what-and-how-are-deeply-interrelated/) Why , what , and how are deeply interrelated.  (/chapter/2/page/32/language-is-the-material-of-intent/) Language is the material of intent.  (/chapter/2/page/33/meet-karen/) Meet Karen.  (/chapter/2/page/34/state-your-intent/) State your intent.  (/chapter/2/page/35/choose-your-words/) Choose your words.  (/chapter/3/face-reality/) Chapter 3: Face Reality  (/chapter/3/page/36/by-facing-reality-we-can-find-solutions/) By facing reality, we can find solutions.  (/chapter/3/page/37/reality-involves-many-players/) Reality involves many players.  (/chapter/3/page/38/reality-involves-many-factors/) Reality involves many factors.  (/chapter/3/page/39/reality-happens-across-channels-and-contexts/) Reality happens across channels and contexts.  (/chapter/3/page/40/reality-has-many-intersections/) Reality has many intersections.  (/chapter/3/page/41/reality-doesnt-always-fit-existing-patterns/) Reality doesn\u2019t always fit existing patterns.  (/chapter/3/page/42/objects-let-us-have-deeper-conversations-about-rea/) Objects let us have deeper conversations about reality.  (/chapter/3/page/43/start-with-scope-and-scale/) Start with scope and scale.  (/chapter/3/page/44/timescale-matters/) Timescale matters.  (/chapter/3/page/45/rhetoric-matters/) Rhetoric matters.  (/chapter/3/page/46/architecture-before-design/) Architecture before design.  (/chapter/3/page/47/keep-it-tidy/) Keep it tidy.  (/chapter/3/page/48/expand-your-toolbox/) Expand your toolbox.  (/chapter/3/page/49/1-block-diagram/) 1. Block Diagram   (/chapter/3/page/50/2-flow-diagram/) 2. Flow Diagram   (/chapter/3/page/51/3-gantt-chart/) 3. Gantt Chart   (/chapter/3/page/52/4-quadrant-diagram/) 4. Quadrant Diagram   (/chapter/3/page/53/5-venn-diagram/) 5. Venn Diagram   (/chapter/3/page/54/6-swim-lane-diagram/) 6. Swim Lane Diagram   (/chapter/3/page/55/7-hierarchy-diagram/) 7. Hierarchy Diagram   (/chapter/3/page/56/8-mind-map/) 8. Mind Map   (/chapter/3/page/57/9-schematic/) 9. Schematic   (/chapter/3/page/58/10-journey-map/) 10. Journey Map    (/chapter/3/page/59/try-diagramming/) Try diagramming.  (/chapter/3/page/60/meet-maggie/) Meet Maggie.  (/chapter/3/page/61/face-your-reality/) Face your reality.  (/chapter/3/page/62/diagram-your-reality/) Diagram your reality.  (/chapter/4/choose-a-direction/) Chapter 4: Choose a Direction  (/chapter/4/page/63/moving-from-why-to-what/) Moving from why to what .  (/chapter/4/page/64/we-work-at-different-levels/) We work at different levels.  (/chapter/4/page/65/what-are-you-making/) What are you making?  (/chapter/4/page/66/these-levels-deeply-affect-one-another/) These levels deeply affect one another.  (/chapter/4/page/67/we-make-places/) We make places.  (/chapter/4/page/68/there-are-spaces-between-the-places-we-make/) There are spaces between the places we make.  (/chapter/4/page/69/language-matters/) Language matters.  (/chapter/4/page/70/reduce-linguistic-insecurity/) Reduce linguistic insecurity.  (/chapter/4/page/71/understand-ontology/) Understand ontology.  (/chapter/4/page/72/your-ontology-already-exists/) Your ontology already exists.  (/chapter/4/page/73/design-with-not-for/) Design with , not for.  (/chapter/4/page/74/create-a-list-of-words-you-say/) Create a list of words you say.  (/chapter/4/page/75/create-a-list-of-words-you-dont-say/) Create a list of words you don\u2019t say.  (/chapter/4/page/76/words-i-dont-say-in-this-ebook/) Words I don\u2019t say in this eBook.  (/chapter/4/page/77/define-terms-for-outsiders/) Define terms for outsiders.  (/chapter/4/page/78/understand-the-past/) Understand the past.  (/chapter/4/page/79/think-about-nouns-and-verbs/) Think about nouns and verbs.  (/chapter/4/page/80/think-about-relationships-between-nouns-and-verbs/) Think about relationships between nouns and verbs.  (/chapter/4/page/81/watch-out-for-options-and-opinions/) Watch out for options and opinions.  (/chapter/4/page/82/opinions-are-like/) Opinions are like\u2026  (/chapter/4/page/83/admit-where-you-are/) Admit where you are.  (/chapter/4/page/84/meet-rasheed/) Meet Rasheed.  (/chapter/4/page/85/control-your-vocabulary/) Control your vocabulary.  (/chapter/4/page/86/choose-a-direction/) Choose a direction.  (/chapter/5/measure-the-distance/) Chapter 5: Measure the Distance  (/chapter/5/page/87/theres-distance-between-reality-and-your-intent/) There\u2019s distance between reality and your intent.  (/chapter/5/page/88/goals-are-our-lens-on-the-world/) Goals are our lens on the world.  (/chapter/5/page/89/progress-is-as-important-to-measure-as-success/) Progress is as important to measure as success.  (/chapter/5/page/90/indicators-help-us-measure-progress/) Indicators help us measure progress.  (/chapter/5/page/91/common-indicators/) Common indicators.  (/chapter/5/page/92/use-worksheets-to-mine-data-from-people/) Use worksheets to mine data from people.  (/chapter/5/page/93/baselines-help-us-stay-in-touch-with-reality/) Baselines help us stay in touch with reality.  (/chapter/5/page/94/flags-tell-us-if-were-headed-in-the-right-directio/) Flags tell us if we\u2019re headed in the right direction.  (/chapter/5/page/95/measurements-have-rhythm/) Measurements have rhythm.  (/chapter/5/page/96/fuzzy-is-normal/) Fuzzy is normal.  (/chapter/5/page/97/meet-jim/) Meet Jim.  (/chapter/5/page/98/set-your-goals/) Set your goals.  (/chapter/5/page/99/measure-the-distance/) Measure the distance.  (/chapter/6/play-with-structure/) Chapter 6: Play with Structure  (/chapter/6/page/100/there-are-many-ways-to-structure-things/) There are many ways to structure things.  (/chapter/6/page/101/taxonomy-is-how-we-arrange-things/) Taxonomy is how we arrange things.  (/chapter/6/page/102/we-combine-taxonomies-to-create-unique-forms/) We combine taxonomies to create unique forms.  (/chapter/6/page/103/sorting-is-easier-than-deciding-how-to-sort/) Sorting is easier than deciding how to sort.  (/chapter/6/page/104/classification-can-be-exact-or-ambiguous/) Classification can be exact or ambiguous.  (/chapter/6/page/105/ambiguity-costs-clarity-exactitude-costs-flexibili/) Ambiguity costs clarity; exactitude costs flexibility.  (/chapter/6/page/106/ambiguity-hides-in-simplicity/) Ambiguity hides in simplicity.  (/chapter/6/page/107/facets-are-the-lenses-we-use-to-classify/) Facets are the lenses we use to classify.  (/chapter/6/page/108/identify-facets/) Identify facets.  (/chapter/6/page/109/humans-are-complex/) Humans are complex.  (/chapter/6/page/110/the-way-you-organize-things-says-a-lot-about-you/) The way you organize things says a lot about you.  (/chapter/6/page/111/taxonomies-can-be-hierarchical-or-heterarchical/) Taxonomies can be hierarchical or heterarchical.  (/chapter/6/page/112/taxonomies-can-be-sequential/) Taxonomies can be sequential.  (/chapter/6/page/113/hypertexts-bridge-taxonomies/) Hypertexts bridge taxonomies.  (/chapter/6/page/114/most-things-need-a-mix-of-taxonomic-approaches/) Most things need a mix of taxonomic approaches.  (/chapter/6/page/115/meet-joan/) Meet Joan  (/chapter/6/page/116/play-with-structure/) Play with Structure  (/chapter/6/page/117/learn-these-patterns/) Learn these patterns.  (/chapter/7/prepare-to-adjust/) Chapter 7: Prepare to Adjust  (/chapter/7/page/118/adjustments-are-a-part-of-reality/) Adjustments are a part of reality.  (/chapter/7/page/119/the-sum-is-greater-than-its-parts/) The sum is greater than its parts.  (/chapter/7/page/120/its-easy-to-reach-agreement-alone/) It\u2019s easy to reach agreement alone.  (/chapter/7/page/121/argue-about-discuss-it-until-its-clear/) Argue about discuss it until it\u2019s clear.  (/chapter/7/page/122/if-it-isnt-under-the-floorboards-its-a-facade/) If it isn\u2019t under the floorboards, it\u2019s a fa\u00e7ade.  (/chapter/7/page/123/we-serve-many-masters/) We serve many masters.  (/chapter/7/page/124/make-room-for-information-architecture/) Make room for information architecture.  (/chapter/7/page/125/hey-nice-ia-said-no-one-ever/) \u201cHey, nice IA!\u201d \u2014 said no one, ever.  (/chapter/7/page/126/be-the-filter-not-the-grounds/) Be the filter, not the grounds.  (/chapter/7/page/127/this-is-hard/) This is hard.  (/chapter/7/page/128/its-far-more-rewarding-than-hard/) It\u2019s far more rewarding than hard.  (/chapter/7/page/129/meet-abby/) Meet Abby.  (/chapter/7/page/130/make-sense-yet/) Make sense yet?   (https://abbycovert.com/make-sense/) (How To Make Sense of Any Mess Book Cover)   \u00a9 2025 (http://www.abbytheia.com) Abby Covert      "
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                    "Front Matter\n\nDedication\n\nAbout this book\n\nIntroduction\n\nAcknowledgements\n\nChapter 1: Identify the Mess\n\nMesses are made of information and people.\n\nIt\u2019s hard to shine a light on the messes we face.\n\nInformation architecture is all around you.\n\nThings may change; the messes stay the same.\n\nPeople architect information.\n\nEvery thing is complex.\n\nKnowledge is complex.\n\nEvery thing has information.\n\nWhat\u2019s information?\n\nInformation is not data or content.\n\nInformation is architected to serve different needs.\n\nUsers are complex.\n\nStakeholders are complex.\n\nTo do is to know.\n\nMeet Carl.\n\nIt\u2019s your turn.\n\nDraw your mess.\n\nChapter 2: State your Intent\n\nIntent is language.\n\nWhat is good?\n\nGood is in the eye of the beholder.\n\nLooking good versus being good.\n\nMeaning can get lost in translation.\n\nWho matters?\n\nStart with why.\n\nWhat before how.\n\nHow varies widely.\n\nWhy, what, and how are deeply interrelated.\n\nLanguage is the material of intent.\n\nMeet Karen.\n\nState your intent.\n\nChoose your words.\n\nChapter 3: Face Reality\n\nBy facing reality, we can find solutions.\n\nReality involves many players.\n\nReality involves many factors.\n\nReality happens across channels and contexts.\n\nReality has many intersections.\n\nReality doesn\u2019t always fit existing patterns.\n\nObjects let us have deeper conversations about reality.\n\nStart with scope and scale.\n\nTimescale matters.\n\nRhetoric matters.\n\nArchitecture before design.\n\nKeep it tidy.\n\nExpand your toolbox.\n\n\n  \n    1. Block Diagram\n  \n  \n    2. Flow Diagram\n  \n  \n    3. Gantt Chart\n  \n  \n    4. Quadrant Diagram\n  \n  \n    5. Venn Diagram\n  \n  \n    6. Swim Lane Diagram\n  \n  \n    7. Hierarchy Diagram\n  \n  \n    8. Mind Map\n  \n  \n    9. Schematic\n  \n  \n    10. Journey Map\n  \n\n\nTry diagramming.\n\nMeet Maggie.\n\nFace your reality.\n\nDiagram your reality.\n\nChapter 4: Choose a Direction\n\nMoving from why to what.\n\nWe work at different levels.\n\nWhat are you making?\n\nThese levels deeply affect one another.\n\nWe make places.\n\nThere are spaces between the places we make.\n\nLanguage matters.\n\nReduce linguistic insecurity.\n\nUnderstand ontology.\n\nYour ontology already exists.\n\nDesign with, not for.\n\nCreate a list of words you say.\n\nCreate a list of words you don\u2019t say.\n\nWords I don\u2019t say in this eBook.\n\nDefine terms for outsiders.\n\nUnderstand the past.\n\nThink about nouns and verbs.\n\nThink about relationships between nouns and verbs.\n\nWatch out for options and opinions.\n\nOpinions are like\u2026\n\nAdmit where you are.\n\nMeet Rasheed.\n\nControl your vocabulary.\n\nChoose a direction.\n\nChapter 5: Measure the Distance\n\nThere\u2019s distance between reality and your intent.\n\nGoals are our lens on the world.\n\nProgress is as important to measure as success.\n\nIndicators help us measure progress.\n\nCommon indicators.\n\nUse worksheets to mine data from people.\n\nBaselines help us stay in touch with reality.\n\nFlags tell us if we\u2019re headed in the right direction.\n\nMeasurements have rhythm.\n\nFuzzy is normal.\n\nMeet Jim.\n\nSet your goals.\n\nMeasure the distance.\n\nChapter 6: Play with Structure\n\nThere are many ways to structure things.\n\nTaxonomy is how we arrange things.\n\nWe combine taxonomies to create unique forms.\n\nSorting is easier than deciding how to sort.\n\nClassification can be exact or ambiguous.\n\nAmbiguity costs clarity; exactitude costs flexibility.\n\nAmbiguity hides in simplicity.\n\nFacets are the lenses we use to classify.\n\nIdentify facets.\n\nHumans are complex.\n\nThe way you organize things says a lot about you.\n\nTaxonomies can be hierarchical or heterarchical.\n\nTaxonomies can be sequential.\n\nHypertexts bridge taxonomies.\n\nMost things need a mix of taxonomic approaches.\n\nMeet Joan\n\nPlay with Structure\n\nLearn these patterns.\n\nChapter 7: Prepare to Adjust\n\nAdjustments are a part of reality.\n\nThe sum is greater than its parts.\n\nIt\u2019s easy to reach agreement alone.\n\nArgue about discuss it until it\u2019s clear.\n\nIf it isn\u2019t under the floorboards, it\u2019s a fa\u00e7ade.\n\nWe serve many masters.\n\nMake room for information architecture.\n\n\u201cHey, nice IA!\u201d \u2014 said no one, ever.\n\nBe the filter, not the grounds.\n\nThis is hard.\n\nIt\u2019s far more rewarding than hard.\n\nMeet Abby.\n\nMake sense yet?"
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