Banana equivalent dose - Wikipedia (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva) (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva) (//upload.wikimedia.org) (/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest) (Edit this page) (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=edit) (/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png) (/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico) (/w/rest.php/v1/search) (Wikipedia (en)) (//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_equivalent_dose) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en) (//meta.wikimedia.org) (login.wikimedia.org)      (/wiki/Main_Page)  Home   (/wiki/Special:Random)  Random   (/wiki/Special:Nearby)  Nearby    (/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Banana+equivalent+dose)  Log in    (/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Banana+equivalent+dose)  Settings    (https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&wmf_key=minerva)  Donate    (/wiki/Wikipedia:About) About Wikipedia   (/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer) Disclaimers       (/wiki/Main_Page) (Wikipedia)    (Special:Search) (Search Wikipedia) (Search Wikipedia [f])     Search        Banana equivalent dose    (/wiki/Banana_equivalent_dose) Article  (/wiki/Talk:Banana_equivalent_dose) Talk   (Language)  Language   (/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Banana+equivalent+dose)  Watch   (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=edit)  Edit       Banana equivalent dose (BED ) is an informal (/wiki/Unit_of_measurement) (Unit of measurement) unit of measurement of (/wiki/Ionizing_radiation) (Ionizing radiation) ionizing radiation exposure, intended as a general educational example to compare a dose of radioactivity to the dose one is exposed to by eating one average-sized (/wiki/Banana) (Banana) banana . Bananas contain naturally occurring (/wiki/Radioactive_isotope) (Radioactive isotope) radioactive isotopes , particularly (/wiki/Potassium-40) (Potassium-40) potassium-40 (40 K), one of several naturally occurring (/wiki/Isotopes_of_potassium) (Isotopes of potassium) isotopes of potassium . One BED is often correlated to 10−7 (/wiki/Sievert) (Sievert) sievert (0.1 μSv); however, in practice, this dose is not (/wiki/Cumulative_dose) (Cumulative dose) cumulative , as the potassium in foods is excreted in urine to maintain (/wiki/Homeostasis) (Homeostasis) homeostasis .[ 1]   The BED is only meant as an educational exercise and is not a formally adopted dose measurement.  (/wiki/File:Banana-Single.jpg)  A banana contains (/wiki/Naturally_occurring_radioactive_material) (Naturally occurring radioactive material) naturally occurring radioactive material in the form of (/wiki/Potassium-40) (Potassium-40) potassium-40 .  Contents    1 History   2 Usage   3 Dose calculation  3.1 Source of radioactivity   3.2 Criticism     4 Radiation from other household consumables   5 See also   6 Notes   7 References   8 External links       History (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=edit&section=1) (Edit section: History)  edit    The origins of the concept are uncertain, but one early mention can be found on the (/w/index.php?title=RadSafe&action=edit&redlink=1) (RadSafe (page does not exist)) RadSafe nuclear safety mailing list in 1995, where Gary Mansfield of the (/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory) (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory mentions that he has found the "banana equivalent dose" to be "very useful in attempting to explain  infinitesimal doses (and corresponding infinitesimal risks) to members of the public".[ 2]   A value of 9.82×10−8 (/wiki/Sievert) (Sievert) sieverts or about 0.1 (/wiki/Sievert) (Sievert) microsieverts (10 (/wiki/Roentgen_equivalent_man) (Roentgen equivalent man) μrem ) was suggested for consuming a 150-gram (5.3 oz) banana.[(/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)) citation needed   ]    Usage (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=edit&section=2) (Edit section: Usage)  edit    The banana equivalent dose is an informal measurement, so any equivalences are necessarily approximate, but it has been found useful by some as a way to inform the public about relative radiation risks.[ 2]    (/wiki/File:Radiation_Dose_Chart_by_Xkcd.png)    Approximate doses of radiation in sieverts, ranging from trivial to lethal. The BED is the third from the top in the blue section (from (/wiki/Randall_Munroe) (Randall Munroe) Randall Munroe , 2011[ 3]   )  (/wiki/File:Radiological_exposure_from_daily_life.png)    Approximate doses of radiation in (/wiki/Flight-time_equivalent_dose) (Flight-time equivalent dose) Flight-time equivalent dose from daily life activities.  The radiation exposure from consuming a banana is approximately 1% of the average daily exposure to radiation, which is 100 banana equivalent doses (BED). The maximum permitted radiation leakage for a nuclear power plant is equivalent to 2,500 BED (250 μSv) per year, while a chest (/wiki/CT_scan) (CT scan) CT scan delivers 70,000 BED (7 mSv). An acute (/wiki/Lethal_dose) (Lethal dose) lethal dose of radiation is approximately 35,000,000 BED (3.5 Sv, 350 rem). A person living 16 kilometres (10 mi) from the (/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_Nuclear_Generating_Station) (Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station) Three Mile Island nuclear reactor received an average of 800 BED of exposure to radiation during the 1979 (/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident) (Three Mile Island accident) Three Mile Island accident .[ 4]      Dose calculation (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=edit&section=3) (Edit section: Dose calculation)  edit    Source of radioactivity (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=edit&section=4) (Edit section: Source of radioactivity)  edit    The major natural source of radioactivity in plant tissue is (/wiki/Potassium) (Potassium) potassium : 0.0117% of the naturally occurring potassium is the unstable (/wiki/Isotope) (Isotope) isotope potassium-40. This isotope (/wiki/Radioactive_decay) (Radioactive decay) decays with a (/wiki/Half-life) (Half-life) half-life of about 1.25 billion years (4×1016 seconds), and therefore the (/wiki/Radioactive_decay#Rates) (Radioactive decay) radioactivity of natural potassium is about 31 (/wiki/Becquerel) (Becquerel) becquerel /gram (Bq/g), meaning that, in one gram of the element, about 31 (/wiki/Atom) (Atom) atoms will decay every second.[ a]   [ 5]   Plants naturally contain radioactive (/wiki/Carbon-14) (Carbon-14) carbon-14 (14 C), but in a banana containing 15 grams of carbon this would give off only about 3 to 5 low-energy (/wiki/Beta_ray) (Beta ray) beta rays per second. Since a typical banana contains about half a gram of potassium,[ 6]   it will have an activity of roughly 15 Bq.[ 7]   Although the amount in a single banana is small in environmental and medical terms, the radioactivity from a truckload of bananas is capable of causing a (/wiki/False_alarm) (False alarm) false alarm when passed through a (/wiki/Radiation_Portal_Monitor) (Radiation Portal Monitor) Radiation Portal Monitor used to detect possible (/wiki/Smuggling) (Smuggling) smuggling of (/wiki/Nuclear_material) (Nuclear material) nuclear material at U.S. ports.[ 8]    The dose uptake from ingested material is defined as (/wiki/Committed_dose) (Committed dose) committed dose , and in the case of the overall effect on the human body of the radioactive content of a banana, it will be the "committed effective dose". This is typically given as the net dose over a period of 50 years resulting from the intake of radioactive material.  According to the (/wiki/US_Environmental_Protection_Agency) (US Environmental Protection Agency) US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), isotopically pure potassium-40 will give a committed dose equivalent of 5.02 nSv over 50 years per becquerel ingested by an average adult.[ 9]   Using this factor, one banana equivalent dose comes out as about 5.02 nSv/Bq × 31 Bq/g × 0.5 g ≈ 78 nSv = 0.078 μSv. In informal publications, one often sees this estimate rounded up to 0.1 μSv.[ 3]   The International Commission on Radiological Protection estimates a coefficient of 6.2 nSv/Bq for the ingestion of potassium-40,[ 10]   with this datum the calculated BED would be 0.096 μSv, closer to the standard value of 0.1 μSv.  Criticism (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=edit&section=5) (Edit section: Criticism)  edit    Several sources point out that the banana equivalent dose is a flawed concept because consuming a banana does not increase one's exposure to radioactive potassium.[ 11]   [ 12]   [ 1]    The committed dose in the human body due to bananas is not cumulative because the amount of potassium (and therefore of 40 K) in the human body is fairly constant due to (/wiki/Homeostasis) (Homeostasis) homeostasis ,[ 13]   [ 14]   so that any excess absorbed from food is quickly compensated by the elimination of an equal amount.[ 2]   [ 11]    It follows that the additional radiation exposure due to eating a banana lasts only for a few hours after ingestion, i.e. the time it takes for the normal potassium content of the body to be restored by the kidneys. The EPA conversion factor, on the other hand, is based on the mean time needed for the isotopic mix of potassium isotopes in the body to return to the natural ratio after being disturbed by the ingestion of pure 40 K, which was assumed by EPA to be 30 days.[ 13]   If the assumed time of residence in the body is reduced by a factor of ten, for example, the estimated equivalent absorbed dose due to the banana will be reduced in the same proportion.  These amounts may be compared to the exposure due to the normal (/wiki/Composition_of_the_human_body) (Composition of the human body) potassium content of the human body of 2.5 grams per kilogram,[ 15]   or 175 grams in a 70 kg adult.  This potassium will naturally generate 175 g × 31 Bq/g ≈ 5400 Bq of radioactive decays, constantly through the person's adult lifetime.      Radiation from other household consumables (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=edit&section=6) (Edit section: Radiation from other household consumables)  edit    Other foods rich in potassium (and therefore in 40 K) include (/wiki/Potato) (Potato) potatoes , (/wiki/Kidney_beans) (Kidney beans) kidney beans , (/wiki/Sunflower_seed) (Sunflower seed) sunflower seeds , and (/wiki/Nut_(fruit)) (Nut (fruit)) nuts .[ 16]   [ 17]    (/wiki/Brazil_nut) (Brazil nut) Brazil nuts in particular (in addition to being rich in 40 K) may also contain significant amounts of radium, which have been measured at up to 444 Bq/kg (12 (/wiki/Nanocurie) (Nanocurie) nCi /kg).[ 18]   [ 19]    (/wiki/Tobacco) (Tobacco) Tobacco contains traces of (/wiki/Thorium) (Thorium) thorium , (/wiki/Polonium) (Polonium) polonium and (/wiki/Uranium) (Uranium) uranium .[ 20]   [ 21]   The process of drying and then smoking the solid matter concentrates those radionuclides further, creating in essence (/wiki/TENORM) (TENORM) technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material .    See also (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=edit&section=7) (Edit section: See also)  edit    (/wiki/Background_radiation) (Background radiation) Background radiation  (/wiki/Background_radiation_equivalent_time) (Background radiation equivalent time) Background radiation equivalent time  (/wiki/Flight-time_equivalent_dose) (Flight-time equivalent dose) Flight-time equivalent dose  (/wiki/List_of_humorous_units_of_measurement) (List of humorous units of measurement) List of humorous units of measurement  (/wiki/List_of_unusual_units_of_measurement) (List of unusual units of measurement) List of unusual units of measurement  (/wiki/Naturally_occurring_radioactive_material) (Naturally occurring radioactive material) Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM)    Notes (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=edit&section=8) (Edit section: Notes)  edit    ^   The activity per unit mass of natural potassium is the number of atoms of 40 K in it, divided by the average lifetime of a 40 K atom in seconds. The number of atoms of 40 K in a sample of natural potassium is the (/wiki/Mole_fraction) (Mole fraction) mole fraction of 40 K (0.000117 mol/mol) times the (/wiki/Avogadro_constant) (Avogadro constant) Avogadro constant  6.022× 1023 mol−1  (the number of atoms per (/wiki/Mole_(unit)) (Mole (unit)) mole ) divided by the (/wiki/Relative_atomic_mass) (Relative atomic mass) relative atomic mass of potassium ( 39.0983 g/mol ), namely about  1.80× 1018  per gram. As in any (/wiki/Exponential_decay) (Exponential decay) exponential decay , the average lifetime is the half-life ( 3.94× 1016 s ) divided by the (/wiki/Natural_logarithm_of_2) (Natural logarithm of 2) natural logarithm of 2 , or about  5.684× 1016  seconds.       References (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=edit&section=9) (Edit section: References)  edit    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626) ^ a    b     Paul Frame, (https://www.orau.org/health-physics-museum/collection/consumer/food/no-salt.html) General Information About K-40 , Oak Ridge Associated Universities.  Accessed 6 October 2021.  ^ a    b    c     RadSafe mailing list: (http://health.phys.iit.edu/extended_archive/9503/msg00074.html) original posting and (http://health.phys.iit.edu/archives/2011-March/031395.html) follow up thread . FGR11 discussed.  ^ a    b     Randall Munroe, (https://xkcd.com/radiation/) Radiation Dose Chart , xkcd , March 19, 2011.  Accessed 26 December 2017.  ^   (https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/three-mile-island-accident.aspx) "Three Mile Island Accident" . Retrieved 2015-10-25  . ...The average  radiation dose to people living within 10 miles of the plant was 0.08 millisieverts...  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+Mile+Island+Accident&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-nuclear.org%2Finformation-library%2Fsafety-and-security%2Fsafety-of-plants%2Fthree-mile-island-accident.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanana+equivalent+dose)    ^   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222) Bin Samat, Supian; Green, Stuart; Beddoe, Alun H. (1997). "The 40 K activity of one gram of potassium". Physics in Medicine and Biology . 42 (2): 407– 13. (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) (Bibcode (identifier)) Bibcode :(https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997PMB....42..407S) 1997PMB....42..407S . (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0031-9155%2F42%2F2%2F012) 10.1088/0031-9155/42/2/012 . (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) (PMID (identifier)) PMID (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9044422) 9044422 . (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250778838) 250778838 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+in+Medicine+and+Biology&rft.atitle=The+%3Csup%3E40%3C%2Fsup%3EK+activity+of+one+gram+of+potassium&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E407-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0031-9155%2F42%2F2%2F012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250778838%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9044422&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997PMB....42..407S&rft.aulast=Bin+Samat&rft.aufirst=Supian&rft.au=Green%2C+Stuart&rft.au=Beddoe%2C+Alun+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanana+equivalent+dose)    ^   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222) (https://web.archive.org/web/20110814155548/http://www.chiquitabananas.com/Worlds-Favorite-Fruit/bananas-and-potassium.aspx) "Bananas & Potassium" . Archived from (http://www.chiquitabananas.com/Worlds-Favorite-Fruit/bananas-and-potassium.aspx) the original on 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2011-07-28  . ...the average banana contains about 422 (/wiki/Milligram) (Milligram) mg of potassium...  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bananas+%26+Potassium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chiquitabananas.com%2FWorlds-Favorite-Fruit%2Fbananas-and-potassium.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanana+equivalent+dose)    ^   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222) Tom Watson (Feb 26, 2012). (http://anti-proton.com/?p=606) "Radioactive Banana! Peeling Away the Mystery" . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radioactive+Banana%21+Peeling+Away+the+Mystery&rft.date=2012-02-26&rft.au=Tom+Watson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanti-proton.com%2F%3Fp%3D606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanana+equivalent+dose)  (Accessed 14 March 2012).  ^   (http://www.nti.org/e_research/e3_88.html) Issue Brief: Radiological and Nuclear Detection Devices . Nti.org. Retrieved on 2010-10-19.  ^   (https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-05/documents/520-1-88-020.pdf) Federal Guidance Report #11 (table 2.2, page 156) Lists conversion factor of 5.02×10−9 Sv/Bq for (/wiki/Committed_effective_dose_equivalent_(CEDE)) (Committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE)) committed effective dose equivalent of ingested pure potassium-40 (not of natural potassium).  ^   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222) (http://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP+Publication+119) "ICRP" . www.icrp.org . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.icrp.org&rft.atitle=ICRP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrp.org%2Fpublication.asp%3Fid%3DICRP%2BPublication%2B119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanana+equivalent+dose)    ^ a    b     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222) (/wiki/Maggie_Koerth-Baker) (Maggie Koerth-Baker) Maggie Koerth-Baker (Aug 27, 2010). (https://boingboing.net/2010/08/27/bananas-are-radioact.html) "Bananas are radioactive—But they aren't a good way to explain radiation exposure" . Retrieved 25 May 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bananas+are+radioactive%E2%80%94But+they+aren%27t+a+good+way+to+explain+radiation+exposure&rft.date=2010-08-27&rft.au=Maggie+Koerth-Baker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboingboing.net%2F2010%2F08%2F27%2Fbananas-are-radioact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanana+equivalent+dose)  .  Attributes the title statement to Geoff Meggitt, former UK Atomic Energy Authority.  ^   Gordon Edwards, (http://www.ccnr.org/About_Radioactive_Bananas.pdf) "About Radioactive Bananas" , Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility.  Accessed 26 December 2017.  ^ a    b     U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (1999), (https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-05/documents/402-r-99-001.pdf) Federal Guidance Report 13 , page 16: "For example, the ingestion coefficient risk for 40K would not be appropriate for an application to ingestion  of 40 K in conjunction with an elevated intake of natural potassium. This is because the biokinetic model for potassium used in this document represents the relatively slow removal of potassium (biological half-time 30 days) that is estimated to occur for typical intakes of potassium, whereas an elevated intake of potassium would result in excretion of a nearly equal mass of natural potassium, and hence of 40 K, over a short period."  ^   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222) Eisenbud, Merril; Gesell, Thomas F. (1997). (https://books.google.com/books?id=67Pn4ydLOVAC) Environmental radioactivity: from natural, industrial, and military sources  . Academic Press. pp. (https://books.google.com/books?id=67Pn4ydLOVAC&pg=PA171) 171–172 . (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-235154-9) (Special:BookSources/978-0-12-235154-9) 978-0-12-235154-9  . It is important to recognize that the potassium content of the body is under strict homeostatic control and is not influenced by variations in environmental levels. For this reason, the dose from 40 K in the body is constant.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environmental+radioactivity%3A+from+natural%2C+industrial%2C+and+military+sources&rft.pages=171-172&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-12-235154-9&rft.aulast=Eisenbud&rft.aufirst=Merril&rft.au=Gesell%2C+Thomas+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D67Pn4ydLOVAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanana+equivalent+dose)    ^   Thomas J. Glover, comp., Pocket Ref , 3rd ed. (Littleton: Sequoia, 2003), p. 324 ((/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) (LCCN (identifier)) LCCN (https://www.loc.gov/item/2002091021) 2002-91021 ), which in turn cites Geigy Scientific Tables, Ciba-Geigy Limited, Basel, Switzerland, 1984.  ^   (https://hps.org/publicinformation/ate/q482.html) Environmental and Background Radiation (https://web.archive.org/web/20101125084343/http://hps.org/publicinformation/ate/q482.html) Archived 2010-11-25 at the (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine , (https://hps.org) Health Physics Society .  ^   (https://web.archive.org/web/20100527112912/http://ocrwm.doe.gov/curriculum/unit2/pdf/lesson3activity3.pdf) Internal Exposure from Radioactivity in Food and Beverages , U.S. Department of Energy (archived from (http://www.ocrwm.doe.gov/curriculum/unit2/pdf/lesson3activity3.pdf) the original on 2007-05-27).  ^   (https://www.orau.org/health-physics-museum/collection/consumer/food/brazil-nuts.html) Brazil Nuts . ORAU.org/health-physics-museum/. Retrieved on 2021-10-6.  ^   (http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/natural.htm) Natural Radioactivity (https://web.archive.org/web/20150205001244/http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/natural.htm) Archived 2015-02-05 at the (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine . Physics.isu.edu. Retrieved on 2010-10-19.  ^   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222) Nain, Mahabir; Gupta, Monika; Chauhan, R P; Kant, K; Sonkawade, R G; Chakarvarti, S K (November 2010). "Estimation of radioactivity in tobacco". Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics . 48 (11): 820– 2. (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) (Hdl (identifier)) hdl :(https://hdl.handle.net/123456789%2F10488) 123456789/10488 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Pure+%26+Applied+Physics&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+radioactivity+in+tobacco&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E820-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F123456789%2F10488&rft.aulast=Nain&rft.aufirst=Mahabir&rft.au=Gupta%2C+Monika&rft.au=Chauhan%2C+R+P&rft.au=Kant%2C+K&rft.au=Sonkawade%2C+R+G&rft.au=Chakarvarti%2C+S+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanana+equivalent+dose)    ^   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222) Abd El-Aziz, N.; Khater, A.E.M.; Al-Sewaidan, H.A. (2005). "Natural radioactivity contents in tobacco". International Congress Series . 1276 : 407– 8. (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ics.2004.11.166) 10.1016/j.ics.2004.11.166 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Congress+Series&rft.atitle=Natural+radioactivity+contents+in+tobacco&rft.volume=1276&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E407-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ics.2004.11.166&rft.aulast=Abd+El-Aziz&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Khater%2C+A.E.M.&rft.au=Al-Sewaidan%2C+H.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanana+equivalent+dose)         External links (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=edit&section=10) (Edit section: External links)  edit    (https://www.food.gov.uk/safety-hygiene/radioactivity-in-food) "Radioactivity in food: your questions answered" , (/wiki/Food_Standards_Agency) (Food Standards Agency) Food Standards Agency  (https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-xray) "Radiation Dose" , (/wiki/Radiological_Society_of_North_America) (Radiological Society of North America) Radiological Society of North America, Inc. (RSNA) Radiation doses for various common procedures.   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374) (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235)    ()  Retrieved from "(https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&oldid=1273177943) https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&oldid=1273177943 "     (/w/index.php?title=Banana_equivalent_dose&action=history)  Last edited on 1 February 2025, at 04:10       Languages  (https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A6%D8%A9) (جرعة الموز المكافئة – Arabic) العربية   (https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82) (Бананов еквивалент – Bulgarian) Български   () (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bananen%C3%A4quivalentdosis) (Bananenäquivalentdosis – German) Deutsch   (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosis_equivalente_a_una_banana) (Dosis equivalente a una banana – Spanish) Español   (https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_baten_dosi_baliokide) (Banana baten dosi baliokide – Basque) Euskara   (https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2) (دوز معادل موز – Persian) فارسی   (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_%C3%A9quivalente_en_banane) (Dose équivalente en banane – French) Français   (https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%A5%D6%84) (Բանանի համարժեք – Armenian) Հայերեն   (https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE) (केला समतुलन मात्रा – Hindi) हिन्दी   (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosis_ekuivalen_pisang) (Dosis ekuivalen pisang – Indonesian) Bahasa Indonesia   (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_equivalente_a_una_banana) (Dose equivalente a una banana – Italian) Italiano   (https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%94) (מנת קרינה של בננה – Hebrew) עברית   (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%8A%E3%83%8A%E7%AD%89%E4%BE%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%87%8F) (バナナ等価線量 – Japanese) 日本語   (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bananowy_ekwiwalent) (Bananowy ekwiwalent – Polish) Polski   (https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_equivalente_a_uma_banana) (Dose equivalente a uma banana – Portuguese) Português   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82) (Банановый эквивалент – Russian) Русский   (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekvivalent_banan-dos) (Ekvivalent banan-dos – Swedish) Svenska   (https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B4_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81) (வாழைப்பழ சமக் கதிர் ஏற்பளவு – Tamil) தமிழ்   (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82) (Банановий еквівалент – Ukrainian) Українська   (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%95%89%E7%AD%89%E6%95%88%E5%8A%91%E9%87%8F) (香蕉等效劑量 – Chinese) 中文      (Wikipedia) (https://www.wikimedia.org/) (Wikimedia Foundation)    (https://www.mediawiki.org/) (Powered by MediaWiki)      This page was last edited on 1 February 2025, at 04:10(UTC) . 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